If you should succeed, everything would be all right.

如果你成功了，一切就都好了。


18．Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port announced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.

【译文】好消息有时会提前发布，英国夺回港口这一消息就是在占领者真正投降的半天前发布的。

【点睛】with引导的介宾短语作整个句子的状语，其中announced为British recapture of the port的后置定语，两者之间为被动关系。before引导时间状语从句限定动作announced发生的时间。


19．According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one had best wait instead of searching for it.

【译文】有一种信念认为真相若要被知晓，它自会现身，因此人们最好是等待而不是去寻找。

【点睛】according to...为整句的状语。if引导的条件状语从句中，is to be known为将来时的被动语态。so引导的结果状语从句中，had best意为“最好”，其后直接跟动词原形。

【考点归纳】与had best含义相近的短语还有：

*　had as good/well 倒不如，还是…的好

You had as good go there on foot as wait for the bus, since the company is not far away.

公司离这儿不远，你在这儿等车，倒不如走过去的好。

*　had better 最好还是

We had better finish doing this today, for tomorrow we will have other important things to do.

我们最好还是今天把它干完，因为明天还有其他重要的事情要做。


20．She felt suitably humble just as she had when she had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.

【译文】她又有了那种卑微的感觉，就像她第一次看自己一副城里人打扮时的那种感觉，当时她一头金黄色卷发，指甲又红又尖。

【点睛】as引导方式状语从句，其中又包含when引导的时间状语从句。第一个had之后实际上省略了与主句相同的谓语动词felt。hair...pointed为her city self的补语，用于具体说明her city self。


21．There was no sign that Mr. Johnson, who keeps a firm control on the party despite from having resigned leadership of it, would intervene personally.

【译文】约翰逊先生虽然已辞去领导职务，但一直控制着政党，然而并没有迹象表明他会亲自干预政权。

【点睛】that引导的是sign的同位语从句，用于具体说明sign。who引导的是以Mr. Johnson为先行词的定语从句，其中despite from...为该从句的状语。

【考点归纳】同位语从句的常见用法如下：

*　直接跟在名词之后，由that引导，that不可省略。

There is no doubt that you are a scholar.

毫无疑问，你是位学者。

*　有时不直接跟在名词之后。

The news got about that you had won a car in the lottery.

有消息传开说你彩票中奖得了一辆汽车。

*　可由连接代词或连接副词引导。

You have no idea how worried your parents were.

你不知道你父母有多担心。


22．So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.

【译文】孩子们太沉迷于电脑，使得计算机夏令营的领导们不得不常常强迫他们停下来做运动、玩游戏。

【点睛】由于so位于句首，句子后面用助动词do构成了部分倒装的形式。在that引导的从句中，at summer computer camps作leaders的后置定语，for sports and games作break的目的状语。

【考点归纳】当一些含限定或否定意义的副词和副词短语，为了表示强调而置于句首时，句子要主谓倒装，常见的此类副词和副词短语有：

hardly ever

on no account

hardly...when

only by

in no circumstances

only in this way

neither / nor

only then

never

scarcely ever

no sooner...than

not only

seldom

not until

so

nowhere


23．Continued exposure to stress has been linked to worsened functioning of the immune system, leaving a person more liable to infection.

【译文】持续处于压力之下和免疫系统功能的弱化存在着某种关联，免疫系统功能的弱化使人更容易受到感染。

【点睛】动词过去分词continued和worsened分别为名词exposure和动名词functioning的定语，表示一种被动关系。现在分词短语leaving...作句子的伴随状语，其中more liable to...作person的补语，表示“更容易…”。


24．The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys it almost as much as the composer at the moment he composes.

【译文】理想的听众在音乐演奏的时候既融入其中，又置身其外，几乎就像作曲家作曲时那样享受音乐。

【点睛】两个at the moment引导的都是时间状语从句。stays和enjoys为句中并列的谓语动词。比较结构as much as...比较了听众和作曲家对音乐的欣赏程度。句中的两个it指代的都是music, he指代的是composer。


25．One sign that you are making progress in an art such as painting or photography is that you begin to realize how much there is to learn.

【译文】你在诸如绘画或摄影这样的艺术上取得进步的标志之一是：你开始意识到有很多东西要学习。

【点睛】该句中两个that所引导的从句有所不同：第一个that引导的是sign的同位语从句，其中such as...用以举例说明art的具体形式。第二个that引导的是表语从句，其中how much引导的是realize的宾语从句。


26．See to it that you include in the examination paper whatever questions they didn't know how to answer last time.

【译文】你务必要在这次的试卷中涵盖所有上次他们不知道答案的问题。

【点睛】see to it that意为“一定注意到，务必”，相当于make sure that。in the examination paper为include的状语，whatever questions为include的宾语。they didn't know...是以questions为先行词的定语从句。

【考点归纳】与动词see相关的常见短语还有：

*　see about 安排，着手处理

You'd better see about dinner.

你最好安排一下晚饭。

*　see sth. in sb． 注意到某人身上的某事物

I saw a gentleness in you.

我觉得你有一种温柔的气质。

*　see sth. out 坚持把某事做完

I don't enjoy the course, but I'll see it out.

我不喜欢这门课，但我会坚持把它上完。


27．The ruling party could even lose its majority in the lower house of parliament, starting a period of prolonged struggling.

【译文】执政党甚至可能在下议院失去其多数党地位，并因此开始长期的抗争。

【点睛】现在分词短语starting...为句子的伴随状语，其中过去分词prolonged为struggling的定语，两者之间为被动关系。


28．If the letter to be mailed was placed on the writing table an hour ago, it is certain to be there now.

【译文】如果那封要寄的信一个小时前是放在写字台上的，那它现在肯定还在那儿。

【点睛】在if引导的条件状语从句中，to be mailed为letter的后置定语，表示将来的概念。该题考查不定式的用法，当certain在句中作表语，表示“一定会…”时，其后要跟动词不定式或that引导的从句。

He is certain to win the game.

他一定会赢得比赛。

He is certain that they will win the game.

他认定他们将赢得比赛。

【考点归纳】将来时的表达方式：

*　be going to do

It's going to rain.

要下雨了。

*　be about to do

They're about to leave.

他们就要走了。

*　be to do

You are not to smoke in the office.

你不能在办公室里抽烟。


29．Having been isolated on a remote island, with little work to occupy them, the soldiers suffered from boredom and low spirits.

【译文】那些士兵身处在一个与世隔绝的偏远的岛上，又无事可做，因此闲得无聊，情绪低落。

【点睛】句中Having been isolated是分词结构的被动表达，意为“被隔离”；occupy oneself with的意思是“从事…，忙于…，专心于…”，因此该句中with little work to occupy them意为“没有事情可做”。


30．Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence shared the ideals of representative government.

【译文】许多争取独立的领导人都出生于旧式政体和伊比利亚殖民主义的危机时期，他们都抱有代议制政府的理想。

【点睛】该句的主干是leaders shared the ideals。过去分词短语born in...Colonialism作句子的状语，其中born和many of the leaders是被动关系。


31．Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a particular set of laws.

【译文】通常有一种观点，认为新的国家应该是独立自主的，土地面积大到在经济上可以生存，并且通过一套特定的法律统一在一起。

【点睛】that引导的是belief的同位语从句。sovereign和independent含义相近，表示“独立自主的”。large enough...laws作states的补语，其中large和integrated是并列关系。

【考点归纳】set作名词时有以下几个常见义项：

*　一套，一组

a set of tools 一套工具

*　（电视、无线电的）接收装置

a colour television set 彩色电视机

*　（舞台）布景，场景

The play wasn't good, but the set was impressive.

这出戏并不好，但布景倒是让人印象深刻。


32．Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, but this is largely because, unlike animals, we stand upright.

【译文】和动物相比，人类通常被认为是嗅觉迟钝的，但这主要是因为我们和动物不同，是直立行走的。

【点睛】compared with animals作第一个分句的状语。第二个分句中，because引导的是原因状语从句，其中largely意为“主要地”,unlike animals为插入语，用于补充说明下文中的we。

【考点归纳】插入语与句中其他成分通常没有语法上的关系，多用逗号与其他成分隔开，一般用来表示说话者的态度等。插入语可以是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。常见的插入语有：

in conclusion 总之

in summary 概括地说

in fact 事实上

in addition 此外

of course 当然

for instance/example 例如

as a matter of fact 事实上


33．The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it inefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary.

【译文】嗅觉迟钝似乎可以解释为，大脑无法保证所有的嗅觉接收器一直处于工作之中，却可以在必要时创造出新的接收器。

【点睛】that引导的是表语从句，其中finds和can create为并列的谓语动词。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是to keep...all the time。现在分词短语working all the time为smell receptors的补足语。if necessary为省略句，其完整形式应为if it is necessary。


34．This may explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be.

【译文】这可以解释为什么我们通常对自己的气味不敏感——我们完全无须对其敏感。

【点睛】why引导的是explain的宾语从句。破折号后的we simply do not need to be省略了sensitive to our own smells，是对之前内容的解释说明。

【考点归纳】宾语从句可以是由疑问词引导的句子，具体如下：

*　由whether或if引导的一般疑问句作宾语：

Say whether you agree with my point.

说一说你是否同意我的观点。

*　由what、why、when、where等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语：

I wanted to see for myself what the problem was.

我想亲自看看是什么问题。

*　选择性疑问句作宾语：

I don't know whether I should read this book or not．我不知道是否该读这本书。


35．Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others.

【译文】关注个人的理论指出，孩子实施犯罪行为是因为他们没有因之前的罪行受到足够的惩罚，或是他们通过和他人交往学会了犯罪行为。

【点睛】centering on the individual作theories的后置定语。suggest在此处意为“指出，表明”，而非“建议”,suggest之后是由that引导的宾语从句。because引导的是由or连接的并列的原因状语从句。


36．Teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others.

【译文】青少年自我意识特别强，他们需要自信，而自信源于获得成功，并且知道自己的成就为他人所佩服。

【点睛】are...self-conscious和need the confidence...为句子的并列谓语部分。第一个that引导的是以confidence为先行词的定语从句。第二个that引导的是knowing的宾语从句。achieving...和knowing...为并列结构，共同作from的宾语。


37．The typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers.

【译文】青少年典型的生活方式已经充满了竞争，因此设计一些优胜者多于失败者的活动是明智的。

【点睛】句中包含so...that...的结构，表示“太…以至于/以致”。it为that引导的结果状语从句的形式主语，不定式结构to plan...为真正的主语。which引导的是以activities为先行词的定语从句，其中more...than...是典型的比较结构。be filled with意为“充满”。

【考点归纳】与动词fill相关的常见短语还有：

*　fill up 充满

The hall quickly started to fill up.

大厅很快就开始挤满了人。

*　fill sth. doing sth． 占据（时间）做某事

Harry filled his spare time playing basketball.

哈里把业余时间都用来打篮球了。

*　fill yourself (with) 吃饱

Don't fill yourself with sweets.

不要吃太多糖果。

*　fill sth. out 填写某物

You should fill out the form.

你应该填写一下这张表格。


38．It was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical.

【译文】直到19世纪，报纸才成为电子时代之前的主流媒体。报纸出现在小册子和图书之后，和期刊同时出现。

【点睛】句中包含it is...that...的强调句式，被强调的是not until the 19th century这一时间状语，that之后的部分保持正常陈述语序。现在分词短语following...作句子的伴随状语，其中in the wake of意为“紧跟，效仿”,in the company of意为“伴随，陪伴”。

【考点归纳】

not until的强调结构有以下两种形式：

*　It is not until...that...

It was not until he told me that I knew it.

直到他告诉我，我才知道。

*　not until置于句首，后面用倒装结构表强调：

Not until he told me did I know it.

直到他告诉我，我才知道。


39．As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage capacity increasing.

【译文】随着时间的推移，电脑体积越来越小，功能越来越强大，它们成为了“个人”电脑和机构团体使用的电脑，其显示器越来越清晰，存储容量也越来越大。

【点睛】as time went by为时间状语从句。as well as institutional为补语。介词短语with...作句子的伴随状语，其中display是名词，意为“显示器”。


40．It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the context within which we now live.

【译文】在电脑时代，“信息社会”这个词才开始被广泛用于描述我们现今生活的环境。

【点睛】句中包含it is...that...的强调句式，被强调的是时间状语within the computer age。which引导的是以context为先行词的定语从句，关系代词which之前的介词within和从句中的谓语动词live构成搭配。


41．The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases such as the trial of Rosemary.

【译文】政府将禁止报社向证人支付报酬，那些报社试图买通涉及诸如罗斯玛丽审判等著名案件的证人。

【点睛】be to do表将来，该句用is to ban表示“将要禁止”的概念。由介词by可知，newspapers是支付payments的一方。现在分词短语seeking to...作newspapers的后置定语，其中buy up意为“收购；尽量购买”。过去分词短语involved in...作后置定语限定people, such as...举例说明prominent cases。

【考点归纳】与动词buy相关的常见短语还有：

*　buy time 争取时间，设法拖延

Tell them we've got problems with the machine; it might buy us more time．告诉他们我们的机器出了问题，这样可以多争取些时间。

*　buy into 买进（企业的股份）

Mr. Green used the money to buy into a printing business．格林先生入股了一家印刷厂。

*　buy out 全部收购

Our company planned to buy out our competitor.

我们公司打算收购我们的竞争对手。


42．Traditionally legal learning has been viewed in such institutions the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.

【译文】传统上，在这些学院中，法律学习一直被看成是律师的特权，而非受过教育之人必备的知识素养。

【点睛】traditionally为整句的状语。preserve此处为名词，意为“某人专有的活动、爱好”。rather than...为主语补足语。

【考点归纳】与副词rather相关的常见短语还有：

*　would rather 宁愿，宁可

I'd rather have a quiet night, reading my favorite book．晚上我宁愿安静地看我喜欢的书。

*　or rather 更确切地说

You have to be eighteen for cheap tickets—or rather under eighteen.

你必须是18岁才能买便宜的票——更确切地说，是不满18岁。

*　not...but rather... 不是…而是…

We don't discuss such problems, but rather deal with them．我们不是讨论这类问题，而是要解决它们。


43．On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.

【译文】另一方面，它将这些观念与日常生活的实际联系起来，就如同记者在报道和评论新闻时，将其与生活建立起联系一样。

【点睛】句中第一个link为动词，和介词to构成短语link...to...，表示“将…和…联系起来”。in a manner...为句子的方式状语，其中which引导的是以manner为先行词的定语从句。be parallel to意为“与…相似；平行”。journalists forge...是以名词links为先行词的定语从句，其中as引导的是该定语从句的时间状语从句。


44．But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.

【译文】但是，认为新闻工作者必须比普通公民更加深刻地理解法律的观点，是基于对新闻媒体的既定惯例和特殊职责的理解。

【点睛】that引导的是idea的同位语从句，其中包含比较结构more...than...。主句的谓语动词是rests。of the established...news media作宾语an understanding的后置定语。短语rest on此处意为“建立在…的基础上；基于”。需要注意的是，rest on sth．作此意讲时不用于被动语态。

【考点归纳】与动词rest相关的常见短语还有：

*　let the matter rest 不再讨论某事

You could go on arguing, but I think you'd better let the matter rest．你们可以争论下去，但我认为你们最好别再讨论这个问题了。