【点睛】这两个句子看似很长，但只要找到句子的主干，句意也就清楚了。第一句中，Shouting slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats是分词短语作伴随状语，主句的主语为the women，谓语部分为had come...。第二句中，主语为action，不定式to improve women's opportunities in employment作action的后置定语，has been是谓语。collective作形容词意为“集体的；共同的；集合的”，作名词意为“集体；合作社”，本句中的collective bargaining意为“劳资谈判”。

【考点归纳】

*　province在这里指“领域；范围”。

Everything to do with finance is my wife's

province．一切有关钱财的事都归我妻子管。

Sales forecast are outside my province—you should discuss them with the sales manager.

销售预测不归我管，你应该与销售经理讨论这类问题。

*　province的同义词还有：domain（领域，范围）;territory 〔（行动、知识等的）领域，范围〕。

I can't answer your question about photography. It's not in my domain.

我无法回答你有关摄影的问题。我不做那一行。

Orthopedics is outside his territory.

他对整形外科不在行。


11．We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.

【译文】据我们估计，在两种情形下，贿赂外国官员的罚款通常会比典型情况低40%左右，即公司消除大量诸如童工等劳工权益问题，或者增加20%的企业捐赠。

【点睛】本句主干是We estimate that..., that引导的是宾语从句，充当整个句子的宾语；宾语从句的主语是either...or...连接的两个现在分词短语，谓语是results in，宾语是fines。fines后面的that引导的是定语从句，修饰fines。


12．The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years, and, therefore, are subjected to failure and at worst, mental illness is unfounded.

【译文】传统说法认为，天才儿童在他们年少时就“才华耗尽”，因此常遭受失败，甚至会患上精神疾病，这种说法是没有根据的。

【点睛】该句是带有同位语从句的复合句。句子的主干是：The...idea...is unfounded。that引导的同位语从句talented children...mental illness，用来对主语old idea进行解释和说明。注意句中的两个短语burn sb. out“使精力耗尽，元气大伤”和be subjected to“遭受痛苦”。

【考点归纳】

*　burn out本义是“烧光（一般用于被动语态）”。

The building was burnt out and only the walls remained．建筑被烧毁了，只剩下几堵墙。

但在本句中，burn out意为“使精力耗尽”。

You will burn yourself out if you work so hard.

你这样拼命工作，会把身体搞垮的。

与burn相关的短语还有：

burn the candle at both sides

夜以继日；过分耗费精力

burn the night oil 工作到深夜

burn away 烧毁，烧光

burn down 烧毁（常指建筑物被完全焚毁）

burn off 烧掉

*　英语中，后接同位语从句的名词以抽象名词居多，表示概括性的意义，常见的有：doubt，belief, conviction, explanation, notion, news，opinion, knowledge等。

I have a dream that one day the rough place will be made plain．我有一个梦想，终有一天崎岖的地方将会变得平坦。

The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved.

生活中最大的幸福是坚信有人爱着我们。


13．You might tolerate the odd road hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule.

【译文】你可能会容忍古怪、粗鲁而自私的司机，可是现在，彬彬有礼的司机实属罕见。

【点睛】road hog是一个口语表达，不是指“公路上的野猪”，而是指“自私的司机；占用他人车道的司机；鲁莽的驾驶员”。exception to意为“例外”。

【考点归纳】

英语中表示“除了”还可以用：except、except for/that, besides和but，但是它们的用法各异。

*　except意为“只有…除外，除去…”，后跟名词或代词作宾语，强调从整体中除去部分，即except后的部分不包括在整体之内，因此，常和all、everything、no one、nothing等一起使用。其判别标志是：除去的与保留的是同类项。

All of them went out for a walk except John.

除了约翰，所有人都出去散步了。

*　except for...意为“除了…，要不是…，除去…以外”，表示“对人或事物先做一个整体评价，然后再就局部提出一点看法”，即一部分被肯定，另一部分被否定，这就是所谓的“排除否定式”。其判别标志是：除去的与保留的不是同类项。

It was dark in the city except for a few weak lights.

除了几点微弱的灯光，城里黑洞洞的。

*　except that...是“除了…以外”的意思，使用时应注意用正确的引导词。若从句的句意和结构完整，则只需用that。

The suit fitted him well except that the color was a little brighter.

除颜色艳了点儿以外，这套衣服很适合他。

但有时，要根据句意和结构选择其他的引导词。

Sorry, I know nothing about it except what I read in the newspaper.

对不起，除了从报上看到的，我对此一无所知。

Mr. Green usually goes to work by bus except when it rains.

除了下雨的时候，格林先生通常乘公共汽车上班。

*　besides相当于as well as，意为“除了…以外，还有…”，即“除去一部分还有另外一部分”，表示该词之后的部分包括在整体之内。

Does John know any other foreign language besides French？

除了法语，约翰还懂别的外语吗？

*　but“除了…以外”，相当于except。but后也可以接名词或代词作宾语。

They all went to the park but Mike and me.

除了迈克和我，他们都去公园了。

but还常与下列词连用：否定词no one, none, nothing等；疑问词who, what等；不定代词all, everyone等。

Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.

这个计划只能招灾惹祸，别无益处。

but后还可接动词不定式。当but前面有实义动词do以及其相应的形式作谓语动词时，则其后跟省略to的动词不定式，反之则加to。

David could do nothing but help his teacher yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午，戴维除了帮老师的忙，无事可做。


14．Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time.

【译文】典型的例子是：在几秒钟之后马路上车流就能通畅驶过时，为了让辅路上的汽车驶出，司机急踩刹车，给交通带来危险；或有人向人行横道边的孩子招手，示意他通过，而迎面驶来的汽车却可能无法及时停下来。

【点睛】句子的主干为...examples are the driver..., or the man...。并列连词or连接两个并列表语，而表语中还带有定语从句和时间状语从句。who brakes violently to allow a car...是限定性定语从句，修饰the driver, when引导的是时间状语从句。第二个表语the man后也带有限定性定语从句who waves a child across a zebra crossing...，该定语从句中又包含一个定语从句that may be unable to stop in time，用来修饰vehicles。at/in hazard意为“在危险中”。

【考点归纳】

*　hazard作名词意为“风险；危险”。

There are many serious hazards associated with smoking．许多严重危害健康的情况都与吸烟有关。

*　hazard作动词，有“冒险做出；尝试；大胆提出；使…冒危险；冒…的危险”的意思。

As to the author of the book, I will hazard a guess.

关于这本书的作者，我来试着猜一下。

Rock-climbers sometimes hazard their lives.

攀岩运动员有时要冒生命危险。


15．Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.

【译文】他们的分析排除了一种可能性——为它们博得宽大处理的是公司的政治影响力而非其承担的企业社会责任：那些为政治活动提供赞助较多的公司接到的罚款金额并未减少。

【点睛】本句分为两个分句，由冒号隔开。前一句的主干是Their analysis ruled out the possibility, that引导同位语从句，先行词是possibility。在这个同位语从句中还有一个强调句型，即it was...rather than...that...，强调博得宽大处理的是political influence。后一个分句的主干是Companies did not receive lower fines, that引导定语从句，修饰companies。

【考点归纳】

*　强调句型It is...who/that...可用来强调除谓语动词外的大多数句子成分，通常强调主语、宾语和状语。Anne had a severe heart attack last night. （原句）

1）It was Anne that/who had a severe heart attack last night. （强调主语）

2）It was a severe heart attack that Anne had last night. （强调宾语）

3）It was last night that Anne had a severe heart attack. （强调状语）

*　强调句中，在被强调的部分后面一般用that引出句子的其他部分，但是如果强调的部分是表示人的名词，也可以用who。如果被强调的是人称代词，则要用主格形式（如I, he等），而非正式文体中多用宾格形式（如me, him等）。

It was I/me who told the police．是我报告警察的。

*　另外，强调句的谓语动词还可用复杂形式，即以“一个（以上）的助动词/情态动词+助动词be”构成。

It might have been her husband who saw her off at the airport.

在机场给她送行的人可能就是她的丈夫。

★　注意：that后的句子可以是主语从句、宾语从句或状语从句。强调的如果是原因状语从句，从句只能用because引导，不能用since、as或why。

It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.

因为河水涨了，所以他们过不了河。


16．I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and of reason—are the aims of all social arrangements.

【译文】我建议把我们的社会制度从以最大限度的生产和最大限度的消费为目的的官僚主义管理下的产业体制转变为一个充分发挥人的潜能，即爱和理智的潜能——是其全部社会工作之目的的人道主义产业体制。

【点睛】本句是含有两个定语从句的复杂长句。句子的主干是I suggest transforming...from...into...。主句的谓语动词suggest可接动名词作宾语。而宾语中的transform常用在transform sth. from...into...结构中，意为“把…从…转变为…”。句中两个in which分别修饰其先行词industrialism。两个破折号之间的those of love and of reason是potentialities的同位语。ends应理解为“目标，目的”。

I used the scientific method to attain this end.

我用科学的方法来达到这一目标。

【考点归纳】

像suggest一样可以后接动名词的动词还有：

admit

appreciate

anticipate

avoid

consider

deny

defer

delay

detest

dread

enjoy

escape

excuse

fancy (=imagine)

finish

forgive

imagine

involve

keep

loathe

mean

mind

miss

pardon

postpone

prevent

propose

recollect

resent

resist

risk

save

stop

suggest

understand