*　not rest until... 直到…才罢休

They will not rest until the murderer is found.

找不到杀人凶手他们决不罢休。

*　rest with 由…负责

The final decision rests with the manager．最后的决定由经理做出。


45．In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.

【译文】实际上，很难理解那些对《加拿大宪法》的基本特点缺乏清晰了解的记者如何能胜任政治新闻报道工作的。

【点睛】it为句子的形式主语，真正的主语是不定式结构to see...。how引导的是see的宾语从句，其中who引导的是以journalists为先行词的定语从句。grasp在句中作名词，意为“领会，掌握”。


46．While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.

【译文】尽管律师的评论和反应可能会增加新闻报道的深度，但是记者们最好还是依靠自己对于事件重要性的认识来作出判断。

【点睛】while引导的是让步状语从句。it为句子的形式主语，真正的主语是并列的不定式结构to rely on...and make...。preferable作表语，意为“更可取的”。句中两次用own强调“新闻工作者自身”这一概念。rely on sth．意为“指望/依赖某事物”。


47．I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems.

【译文】我会把他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考，并将此作为自己人生首要责任和乐趣的人。

【点睛】define sth./sb. as...意为“把某事物/某人定义/解释为…”。who引导的是以individual为先行词的定语从句，其中the activity of...为宾语，介词短语as...in life是其补语。elect此处意为“选择”，而非“选举”。


48．His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

【译文】他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己作出决定的推理过程。

【点睛】be analogous to/with意为“和…相似”，其后的that指代之前的function。who引导的是以judge为先行词的定语从句。in as obvious a matter as possible为revealing的方式状语，其中包含as...as possible结构，表示“尽可能…”。the course of...为revealing的宾语，其中which引导的是以the course of reasoning为先行词的定语从句。reveal此处意为“展现，显示”。

【考点归纳】reveal、disclose、expose和uncover都有“揭露，暴露”之意，注意它们的区别。

*　reveal多指揭露一直隐藏或隐秘的东西，或启示超乎常人领悟能力的真理。

The manager did not reveal the truth to her.

经理没有向她透露真相。

*　disclose侧重指揭露或泄露鲜为人知或神秘的事。

He wouldn't disclose his comrade's whereabouts to the enemy.

他不会把战友的下落告诉敌人。

*　expose多指揭露丑闻、坏人坏事或各种阴谋。也可指使某物暴露在外。

His words exposed his true motivation.

他的话暴露了自己的真实动机。

*　uncover主要指移去遮盖物，让东西显露出来。也可指揭露阴谋、秘密等。

They have uncovered a plot against the plan.

他们发现了一个反对这项计划的阴谋。


49．I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.

【译文】我之所以把他排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能有助于解决道德问题，但他只是承担了处理那些问题的事实层面的任务。

【点睛】because引导的是原因状语从句，其中还包含while引导的让步状语从句。be charged with...此处意为“被命令做…”。not...any but...意为“仅仅”，相当于only。approach此处意为“处理”，其宾语为the factual aspects of those problems。

【考点归纳】be charged with有以下含义：

*　被指控

That man has been charged with murder.

那个人被控犯有谋杀罪。

*　被吩咐，被命令

The manager is charged with dealing with the problem.

经理受命处理该问题。


50．But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

【译文】但是，他的首要任务并非考虑支配自己行为的道德规范，这正如不能指望商人投入精力研究商业行为规范一样。

【点睛】动词不定式结构not to think...为句子的表语。which引导的是以moral code为先行词的定语从句。not...any more than意为“正如，相当于”。dedicate sth. to sb./sth．意为“以庄严的仪式将（教堂）等奉献（给上帝、圣徒等）”；dedicate oneself/sth. to sth．意为“将（自己、时间、精力等）奉献给（崇高的事业或目的）”。

【考点归纳】与more相关的常见短语还有：

*　once more 再次

We should rehearse the scene once more before the show starts.

在演出开始之前我们应该把这一幕再排练一次。

*　more often than not 往往，通常

More often than not people don't realize what their rights are．人们往往不知道自己有哪些权利。

*　no more than 正是

It's no more than you deserve．这正是你该得到的。


51．They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.

【译文】他们可能书教得非常好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人对涉及道德判断的人类问题都很少或没有进行独立的思考。

【点睛】more than此处意为“不只是”；make reflection(s) on sth．意为“考虑某事”；little虽意为“少量的”，但却包含否定概念，表示“几乎没有”。which引导的是以problems为先行词的定语从句。


52．Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.

【译文】电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一，在欧洲新近发生的事件中，它把不同的民族和国家连在一起，其作用之大，或许是前所未有的。

【点睛】which引导的是以means为先行词的定语从句。破折号之后的分句是对前一个分句的进一步说明，其中包含否定概念的never before前置，因此出现了助动词has前置的倒装结构，以示强调。as引导的是第二个分句的状语，表示“像…一样”。

【考点归纳】倒装句的几种情况：

*　否定含义的副词置于句首，要采用倒装：

Seldom have I seen such brutality.

我几乎没有见过这样残忍的行为。

*　个别程度副词置于句首，要采用倒装：

Well do I remember the days when we were together.

我清楚地记得我们在一起的日子。


53．In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.

【译文】像其他地方一样，欧洲的多媒体集团越来越成功，这些集团将相互关联的电视台、广播台、报纸、杂志和出版社整合在一起。

【点睛】in Europe和as elsewhere都是句子的状语。which引导的是以第二个groups为先行词的定语从句，其中还包含另一个定语从句，即that引导的，以television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses为先行词的定语从句。


54．This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.

【译文】单凭这一点就足以证明，要在电视行业里生存下来并非易事。在80家欧洲电视网中，有一半以上在1989年出现亏损，该统计数字尤其说明了这一事实。

【点睛】该句中有三个that，它们引导的从句有所不同：第一个that引导的是demonstrates的宾语从句，in a fact...为句子的状语，其中underlined by...为fact的后置定语；第二个that引导以statistics为先行词的定语从句；第三个that引导show的宾语从句，其中no less than意为“多达，不少于”。


55．Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.

【译文】不同的文化和传统组成了连接欧洲这个古老的大陆的纽带，而要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲身份”绝非易事，需要人们做出战略性的抉择。

【点睛】句子的主语是creating...the old continent，其中that引导的是以“European identity”为先行词的定语从句，该从句中又包含which引导的以cultures and traditions为先行词的定语从句。is和demands是整句话的并列谓语。

【考点归纳】短语make up在该句中意为“构成”，此外，它还有以下义项：

*　编造（说法、解释等）

I think she's making the whole thing up.

我认为整件事都是她编造出来的。

*　编写

I made up a poem about the matter.

我写了一首关于此事的诗。

*　化妆

She spent half an hour making up before the party.

聚会前，她花了半小时化妆。

*　补上（失去）的东西

You should make up the time you lost while you were sick.

你应该补回你生病期间耽误的时间。

*　和解（+with sb.）

I've made up with Lisa．我已经和莉萨和解了。


56．In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall.”

【译文】在应对如此规模的挑战时，可以毫不夸张地说：“合则存，分则亡。”

【点睛】本句中介词短语in dealing with...scale是句子的状语。it是句子的形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式结构to say...。“Unity we stand, divided we fall.”是一个省略句，完整形式为：If we are a unity, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.


57．The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.

【译文】希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别之前就早已在欧洲扎根了。

【点睛】本句中that引导的是assumed的宾语从句。which引导的非限定性定语从句，对前面整个句子进行说明，该定语从句又包含before引导的时间状语从句。而how引导的是realized的宾语从句。some此处意为“某个，某些”，表示不确定的概念。take root in意为“在…扎根”。


58．We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.

【译文】我们很感激他们，因为在此之后，由于说这些语言的部族或是灭绝，或是被同化并丧失了自己的本族语言，这些语言中有一些已经消失了。

【点睛】本句的主干为we are obliged to them +because引导的原因状语从句，该原因状语从句中还包含由as引导的另一个原因状语从句。who引导的是以peoples为先行词的定语从句。短语be obliged (to sb.) for sth. /doing sth．意为“受恩惠而感激（某人）”。die out此处意为“灭绝，逐渐消失”。

【考点归纳】与动词die相关的常见短语还有：

*　die away 慢慢变弱，渐渐消失

The strange noise died away.

那奇怪的噪音慢慢消失了。

*　die down 减弱，平息

Don't worry; the gossip will soon die down.

别担心，流言不久就会平息的。

*　die off 相继死去

The plants in the garden died off.

花园里的植物相继死去。


59．The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.

【译文】这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲的语言和东南亚的语言往往差别显著，这使得有些学者甚至指责博厄斯和萨丕尔捏造数据。

【点睛】本句的主干是...languages were...different...，句中包含so...that...结构。过去分词短语newly described和well studied分别作languages和languages of...的定语。accuse sb. of doing sth．意为“指责某人做某事”。


60．Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.

【译文】沃尔夫对语言与思维之间的关系很感兴趣，并形成了这样的观点：在一个社会中，语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。

【点睛】该句的主干是Whorf developed the idea...，现在分词短语being interested in...作句子的状语，所描述的对象就是句子的主语Whorf。that引导的是idea的同位语从句，其中in a society作状语。

【考点归纳】

现在分词短语作状语一般有以下几种情况：

*　表伴随动作

Opening the drawer, he took out an envelope.

他打开抽屉，拿出一个信封。

*　表原因

Feeling rather tired, I went to bed.

由于感到很疲倦，我就睡觉了。

*　表时间

Walking through the park, we saw a flower show.

我们从公园穿过时看到一个花卉展。


61．Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.

【译文】而且，人类有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让其他所有生命形态都服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。

【点睛】该句的主干是...humans have the ability...，其中which引导的是以environment为先行词的定语从句。thus subjecting...为整句的状语，其中subject sth. to...意为“使某事物服从于…”。

【考点归纳】

subject作形容词时也可与介词to连用，表示：

*　易受…影响的

The area is subject to strong winds.

该地区易受大风袭击。

*　易患…的

The little girl is subject to cold.

这个小女孩总是感冒。

*　取决于…，有待于…

Your application is subject to review by the committee．你的申请有待委员会的审查。

*　受…管辖，受…统治

Those people were all subject to the king.

这些人都受国王的统治。


62．Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

【译文】社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性、有序、系统而又冷静的方式去研究人类及其行为。

【点睛】该句的主干是主句social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry...。which引导的是以enquiry为先行词的定语从句。in...manner为从句谓语seeks to study的方式状语。句中有两个that：第一个that用于表示强调；第二个that引导的是以manner为先行词的定语从句。


63．The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.

【译文】强调收集第一手资料，以及在分析过去和现在的文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。

【点睛】该句的主干是the emphasis..., combined with..., makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science。过去分词短语gathered..., combined with...和brought to...都作后置定语，分别修饰data、emphasis和perspective。past and present为cultures的后置定语。

【考点归纳】与动词bring相关的常见短语有：

*　bring about 引起，导致

Computers have brought about many changes in the office．电脑给办公室带来了很多变化。

*　bring forth 使出现，产生

Such tragic love affair can bring forth only pain.

这样的爱情悲剧只能带来痛苦。

*　bring up 养育

I was brought up by my grandparents.

我是由祖父母抚养长大的。


64．Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”.

【译文】泰勒把文化定义为“…一个错综复杂的整体，它包括作为社会成员的人所具有的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他能力和习惯”。

【点睛】该句的主干是Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole...”。define sth. as...意为“将某事物定义为…”。which引导的是以whole为先行词的定语从句，其中过去分词短语acquired by...作后置定语，修饰capabilities and habits。


65．Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture” like the concept of“set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.

【译文】因此，人类学中“文化”的概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。

【点睛】该句的主干是... concept...is...concept...。like the concept of...是the anthropological concept of “culture”的后置定语。which引导的是以concept为先行词的定语从句。immense amounts of concrete research and understanding作makes的宾语，而possible作宾语补足语。


66．One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.

【译文】难题之一在于，所谓的行为科学几乎仍然是从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

【点睛】该句中that引导的是表语从句，其中还包含what引导的主语从句，作表语从句的主语。trace sth. to...意为“追溯某事物的根源…”。


67．The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.

【译文】行为科学之所以发展缓慢，一方面是因为用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是由直接观察而来的，另一方面是因为一直很难找到其他解释。

【点睛】该句的主干是The behavioral sciences have been slow to change...，表语形容词后的动词不定式to change可以叫做宾语。两个because引导的原因状语从句由and连接，构成并列结构。

【考点归纳】动词不定式可以跟在充当表语的形容词之后，这样的不定式可以叫做宾语，具体如下：

*　在表情绪的形容词之后

I'm eager to see my friends.

我急于见到我的朋友。

*　在表状态的形容词之后

She is determined to go back to work.

她决心回去上班。

*　在表品质的形容词之后

You are brave to act like that.

你那样做很勇敢。


68．Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.

【译文】在这些问题得到解决之前，研究行为的技术手段会继续遭到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式可能也会随之继续遭到排斥。

【点睛】该句中until引导的是时间状语从句。and连接的是两个并列的分句，其中第二个分句省略了与第一个分句相同的谓语部分，即will continue to be rejected。it指代的是上一个分句中的a technology of behavior。