•    饼状图题型旨在要求考生准确理解并阐述一个被分割成大小不等切块的圆形图所传达的信息。考生应清楚掌握部分与整体、部分与部分之间的相互关系，这种关系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。
•    列出各段的主题句。考生可以根据所给提纲或已知信息列出每段的主题句，为全文的展开铺平道路，严格围绕主题句展开段落。
•    检查与修改。图表作文的检查与修改应着重检查文章中所列举的信息是否与图表所显示的信息一致。
（二）图表类型
1　表格图：table
1）特点：数据多，点到为止，use as few figures as possible
2）策略：首尾呼应法。只看第一点和最后一点数据，只点首尾，说清即可。中间的非典型性数据不用提及。
2　饼状图：pie chart
所有图表中最简单的一种，只需掌握两个词组：
1）由……组成：consist of，be made up of，be composed of
2）占多大比例：account for，make／take up
3　柱状图：bar chart ／column chart
纵横推论：纵坐标一般为数据，横坐标一般是年代，抓住首尾两端数据，中间年代点到为止。
4　曲线图：line graph／line chart
考查图表数据及术语是否表达到位。
（三）经典图表术语
1　增加／上升／提高
1）动词：increase，grow，rise，climb，expand，jump，leap，ascend，skyrocket，accumulate，surge，soar，swell
2）词组：go/push up，post/register/manage a moderate/small gain，gain a momentum，continue its upward trend，on the rise/increase/ascendance
3）名词：increase，rise，growth，expansion，pickup，gain，accumulation，ascendance，leap，jump，climb
2　减少／下降
1）动词：decrease，decline，fall，drop，reduce，descend，diminish，dwindle，plunge，plummet，drop，dip，slump，slide，shrink，collapse
2）词组：go down，drop／fall off，take a dip，continue its downward trend，on the decline
3）名词：decrease，decline，diminishment，slowdown，crawl，slump，shrinkage，dip，drop，fall
3　剧烈／显著／明显
1）副词：dramatically，sharply，considerably，rapidly，suddenly，greatly，alarmingly，significantly，enormously，steeply，massively，incredibly，hugely，amazingly，substantially
2）词组：at an alarming rate，by leaps and bounds，in big leaps，by a massive leap，by a wide margin
4　缓慢／逐渐
1）副词：gradually，steadily，slightly，gently，marginally，slowly，moderately
2）词组：in a moderate way，by the least amount
5　保持平稳／不变
remain stable/steady/unchanged
6　起伏／波动
rise and fall，fluctuate slightly/dramatically，fluctuate between…and…，a minor fluctuation，small rises and falls／fluctuations
二、图表作文详解
在过去的八年中（2010年～2017年），考研英语（二）论说文都是写Essay，Essay在考研作文当中并非散文或随笔，而是短的论说文，四六级、考研等国内考试应严格写成三段。英语（二）论说文一般有2～3点提纲，每点提纲写成一段，顺序不要打乱。如果只有两点提纲，也应写成三段。字数是150～250词，只需写10句左右即可，第一段3句，第二段5句，第三段2句。文中应使用5～7个关联词，5～7个从句，适可而止，过犹不及。
根据最新考研大纲，图表作文第一段一般是图表描述段，属于描述，不能发表太多议论，在最近几年中，第一段考的都是图表描述；第二段一般是原因列举段，分析图表数据的内在变化原因；第三段一般是归纳结论段，对图表所反映的问题发表自己的议论或看法。
根据多年的考研命题规律，今年考研英语（二）大作文70％的可能性还是考图表作文，30％考图画、提纲或情景作文。
框架结构
（一）Introduction：引言/起始段，图表描述段，3句。
●General description：总体描述，1句。
●Details 1、2、3：挖掘细节词、联结成句，2句。
（二）Body：主体/拓展段，原因列举段，5句。
●Topic sentence：主题句，1句。
●Argument：因果论证，3句。
1）原因一
2）原因二
3）原因三
●小结：概括论证，总结本段，1句，可不写。
（三）Conclusion：结论段，归纳结论段，2句。
●Concluding sentence：结论句，1句。
●包装结尾，展望未来：1句。
框架详解
（一）Introduction：引言/起始段，图表描述段，3句。
●General description：总体描述，1句，第一段主题句。图表作文第一段一般是图表描述，不应发表太多议论。第一段发表议论属于跑题，没有按照提纲写作，请牢记考研是提纲作文。
下面以考过的图表作文为例：
1）2010英语（二）：
 As is shown in the chart，mobile phone subscriptions grow rapidly from 2000 to 2008.（14分作文，满分15分）如图表所示，从2000年到2008年，手机入网数急剧增长。
2）2011英语（二）：
 The chart above demonstrates clearly that some changes have taken place in terms of the car market of China.（14分作文，满分15分）上述图表清晰显示了在中国汽车市场上发生的一些变化。
3）2012英语（二）：
 The table clearly reflects the statistics of staff's job satisfaction in a certain company．这张表格清楚地反映了某公司员工工作满意度的数据。
4）2013英语（二）：
 The column chart clearly reveals the statistics of students taking part-time jobs in a certain university.这幅柱状图清楚地反映了某高校学生兼职情况的数据。
5）2014英语（二）：
 The column chart above clearly reflects the changes in the statistics of the urban and rural populations in China during the past two decades.上述柱状图清楚地揭示了过去二十年之间中国城镇和乡村人口数据发生的变化。
6）2015英语（二）：
 The pie chart above clearly illustrates the percentage of the residents' spending in a certain city of China during the Spring Festival Vacation.上述饼状图清楚地揭示了中国某市居民春节假期的花销比例。
7）2016英语（二）：
 This pie chart clearly illustrates the purposes of touring for students in a certain university．这幅饼状图清楚地揭示了某高校大学生的旅游目的。
8）2017英语（二）：
 The line graph clearly illustrates that the number of museums in China and their number of visitors both increased markedly between 2013 and 2015．这幅线状图清晰地显示，从2013年到2015年，中国博物馆的数量和参观人数均急剧上升。
●Details 1、2、3：挖掘细节词，联结成句，2句。
1）2010英语（二）：
 We can also find out that developing countries are the driving force for such a rapid growth．According to the chart，mobile-phone subscription number increased to 8 times from 2000 to 2008，that is from around 0.5 billion to 4 billion，while that of developed countries only increased twice from around 0.5 billion to 1 billion.（14分作文，满分15分）我们也能看出发展中国家是这一急剧增长的驱动力。按照图表所示，从2000年到2008年，手机入网量增长了七倍，从大约五亿增长到四十亿，而发达国家的手机入网量只增长了一倍，从大约五亿增长到十亿。
2）2011英语（二）：
 Based upon the data of the chart，one can see that the percentage of domestic cars has been on a rise，while the sales percentage of cars made in Japan has witnessed been on a decline．In the year of 2008，the percentage of cars made in China was nearly 25％，while within no more than a year，it went up to nearly 33％．The percentage of cars made in Japan was 35％，while it went down to 25％ in 2009.（14分作文，满分15分）根据图表中的数据，我们可以看到，国产汽车所占的百分比持续上升，而日系汽车的销售百分比持续下降。在2008年，国产汽车所占百分比接近25％，而在不到一年的时间内，上升到了接近33％。日系汽车所占百分比是35％，而在2009年下降到25％。
3）2012英语（二）：
 According to the data given above，we can conclude that the percentage of people satisfied with their jobs is highest among those over 50 years old，at about 40％．In contrast，the percentage of the staff not satisfied with their jobs is about 64％ among those in their forties，the highest among all the three age groups．根据给出的数据，我们可以看出50岁以上的人工作满意度最高，约为40％。相反，41至50岁之间的人在三个群体中不满意度最高，约为64％。
4）2013英语（二）：
 According to the survey，there has been a steady increase from 67.77％ to 71.93％ for students holding temporary jobs from freshmen to juniors，while the percentage of seniors working part-time jumps markedly to 88.24％.调查显示，从大一到大三，兼职学生的比率从67.77％稳步上升到71.93％，而大四兼职学生的百分比则急剧上升到88.24％。
5）2014英语（二）：
 For urban dwellers，there was a noticeable jump of 360 million from 300million to 660 million between 1990 and 2010．By contrast，a remarkable decline occurred in the rural population by 150 million from 820 million to 670 million during the same period.自1990到2010年，城镇人口从3亿急剧上升到6.6亿，增加了3.6亿。相反，在同一时期，乡村人口的数量发生了急剧下降，从8.2亿减少到6.7亿，减少了1.5亿。
6）2015英语（二）：
 From the statistics given，we may draw the conclusion that the spending on New Year presents is highest among all the four categories，at approximately 40％，whereas the amount spent on transport，gathering and dining，and miscellaneous others accounts for about 20％ each.根据给出的数据，我们可以得出结论：新年礼物开支所占百分比在四种类别中最高，大约为40％；而交通、聚会吃饭和其他的开支比例各占20％。
7）2016英语（二）：
 As is reflected by the diagram，37 percent of college students travel in a bid to appreciating the scenery，next comes the aim of relieving pressure，accounting for 33％ percent．By contrast，the percentage of students travelling aiming at others，making friends and cultivating independence account for 15％，9％ and 6％ each．如图表所示，37％的大学生为了欣赏风景而旅游，接下来是为了缓解压力的目的，占了33％。相反，为了其他、广交朋友、培养独立能力旅游的大学生百分比分别各占15％、9％和6％。
8）2017英语（二）：
 Based upon the data given above，we can see that the number of museums has risen dramatically from 4,165 to 4,692 during the three years，while the amount of visitors jumped from 637 million to 781 million in the same time．根据上述数据，我们可以看出在这三年中，博物馆的数量从4165所迅猛增加至4692所，而与此同时，参观人数的数据从6.37亿急剧上升至7.81亿。
（二）Body：主体/拓展段，原因列举段，5句。
●Topic sentence：主题句，1句。
1）2010英语（二）：
 I think there are two main reasons for such a great contrast.（14分作文，满分15分）我认为造成这种巨大的对比有两个主要原因。
2）2011英语（二）：
 It's not difficult for us to come up with some possible reasons accounting for this trend.（14分作文，满分15分）我们不难发现导致这种趋势的一些可能原因。
3）2012英语（二）：
 The major determinant lies in people's attitudes．主要的决定因素是人们的态度。
4）2013英语（二）：
 While part-time work does have the potential to negatively affect a college student's studies，it can also be good for their future careers．尽管兼职可能会对大学生的学习有些负面影响，但却对他们未来的工作有益。
5）2014英语（二）：
 At least three primary contributors account for such changes. 至少三个主要原因造成了上述变化。
6）2015英语（二）：
 The fundamental factors that contribute to the aforementioned tendency may be summarized as follows．造成上述现象的主要原因可以概括如下。
7）2016英语（二）：
 Several primary factors could contribute to this phenomenon．一些主要原因可以解释这种现象。
8）2017英语（二）：
 Museums hold an attraction and fascination for most people of all ages，from young children to the elderly，for at least two fundamental reasons. 博物馆吸引着大多数人，从孩子到老人，各个年龄层的人无不为博物馆着迷，至少有两个根本原因。
●Argument：论证，3句，原因列举。
1）2010英语（二）：
 First of all，developing countries have much larger population than developed countries．For example，China and India nearly have half of the total population of the world．China has the most mobile-phone users right now，which increased greatly from 2000 to 2008．It is the same in India and other developing countries．Secondly，developing countries have been enjoying strong economic growth in recent years．As a result，people in most developing countries are richer and richer，especially in China．So they can afford to buy such necessities，including mobile-phone，as the prices continued to drop greatly in the past years．首先，发展中国家比发达国家拥有更为庞大的人口。例如，中国和印度几乎拥有世界总人口的一半。中国目前拥有最多的手机用户，从2000年到2008年增长迅猛。印度和其他发展中国家也是如此。其次，发展中国家近年来经历了强劲的经济增长。因此，大多数发展中国家的人们越来越富裕，尤其在中国。由于在过去几年中价格持续大幅下跌，他们可以买得起包括手机在内的这些必需品了。
2）2011英语（二）：
 At the top of the list，with the rapid development of our economy and society，more and more people prefer civil products to foreign ones．It's reported that，approximately 55％ of families in Chinese big cities are fond of cars made in China．In addition，we must admit that the government appeals to us to support our native industries．Last but not least，the fact cannot be ignored that，the cars made in China are increasingly qualified.（14分作文，满分15分）首先，随着我国经济和社会的迅速发展，相比外国产品，越来越多的人更喜欢国产品牌。据报道，大约55％的中国大城市家庭喜欢国产汽车。此外，我们必须承认，政府也呼吁我们支持本国企业。最后，不容忽视的是，国产汽车的质量越来越好。
3）2012英语（二）：
 On the one hand，the staff members in their forties usually have to undertake a lot of responsibilities from both their families and their career．Sometimes they are even under pressure to pursue money，power，high social status，and so on，which are all symbols of success. So，they have the least satisfaction in their job．On the other hand，people over 50 generally have shifted their life goals from achieving the ultimate success to a relatively easy and comfortable life，and therefore are inclined to be much more satisfied with their jobs．一方面，41至50岁之间的员工通常不得不承担来自于家庭和事业的双重责任。有时他们甚至承受着获取金钱、权力、较高的社会地位等压力，而这些都象征着成功。因此，他们对工作的满意度最低。另一方面，50岁以上的人通常已经将人生目标从最终的成功转变为一种相对轻松、舒适的生活，因而更容易对工作感到满意。
4）2013英语（二）：
 Firstly，according to the above chart，more than half of the undergraduates take part-time jobs．For some undergraduates，working part-time helps cover their tuition fees and other expenses．For others，part-time position helps them accumulate some working experience and develop a sense of independence．Secondly，a 16.31 percentage increase in the final year is mainly attributed to two factors：Companies prefer graduates with some hands-on experience，and undergraduates could better know what they want and which job suits them by holding temporary jobs.（高分作文）首先，根据上图可知，有超过一半的本科生会做兼职。对一些本科生来说，做兼职有助于补贴他们的学费和其他开销。对另一些本科生来说，做兼职可以帮助他们积累一些工作经验并培养一种独立意识。其次，到了临毕业的那一年，学生兼职的人数增长了16.31％，这主要归因于两方面的因素：公司想要有一定实际工作经验的毕业生；本科生通过做兼职可以更好地了解自己想要什么样的工作以及哪种工作适合自己。
5）2014英语（二）：
 First and foremost，there is a much nicer choice of options available in cities and towns，across the board．There are more jobs to choose from，and more different kinds of companies and types of work．In addition，big cities offer much more excitement and stimulation，partly as a result of all the various options available in many areas．Most importantly，people prefer to live in cities and towns for the convenience of the transportation systems．They usually have a well developed bus，subway，highway and airport transportation networks．首先且最重要的是，几乎在所有的城镇，都有许多更好的选择。有更多可供选择的工作，以及更多不同的公司和工种。其次，大城市可以提供更多令人感到兴奋、刺激的事物，部分原因就是由于在这些地方有各种各样的选择。最为重要的是，由于交通系统的便捷性，人们更喜欢住在城镇。城镇通常有更为发达的公交、地铁、高速、机场等交通网络。
6）2015英语（二）：
 To start with，a New Year gift might be memorable because of the special occasion when it is given．If the present is something that only your best friend knew you had wanted，you will never forget it，since it shows the closeness of your relationship with that friend．In addition，festival presents might be unforgettable since they are related to significant events in your life．For instance，I still remember the first New Year gift my best friend，Leo，gave me．首先，一份春节礼物之所以令人难忘，是因为送礼物的时机本身很特别。如果只有最好的朋友才知道你想要那份礼物，并把它送给了你，你一辈子都不会忘记，因为这份礼物代表着你们两人深厚的友谊。其次，春节礼物之所以令人难忘，是因为这些礼物与生命中的重大事件相关。比如，我还记得我最好的朋友列奥送给我的第一份新年礼物。
7）2016英语（二）：
 In the first place，travel can offer us a wide range of experiences. In travelling，we may join tourists marveling at the incredible power of Niagara Falls，mingle with the happy throngs strolling in the Paris boulevards and experience the bitterness and joy of people on different lands and in different times．In the second place，college students，who have to juggle academic work，romantic relationships and a busy social calendar，are particularly susceptible to pressure．By touring，they can successfully manage and reduce stress．一方面，旅游能够充实我们的人生经历。在旅行中，我们可以和游客一起，赞叹尼亚加拉瀑布那雷霆万钧之势，和喜洋洋的人群一起穿过巴黎的林荫大道，还可以体验不同时代、不同国土上人们的酸甜苦辣。另一方面，大学生不得不应对学习、恋爱和繁忙的社交日程，很容易感受到压力。通过旅游，他们可以成功地应对并缓解压力。
8）2017英语（二）：
 The first reason many people are interested in visiting a museum is to learn about the history and culture of a place. A country's capital city，like Beijing，London or Paris is a veritable museum lover's paradise，where one could literally spend days visiting dozens of museums．Another reason why people visit museums is that they are not only for adults，but for the whole family—a wonderful activity enjoyed by children as well as grandparents．It gives the whole family something they can spend several hours together doing，and for free or at a reasonable cost．第一个原因，许多游客对参观博物馆感兴趣是为了了解当地的历史和文化。一国的首都，如北京、伦敦或巴黎，简直就是博物馆爱好者的天堂，一个人可以花数天时间参观许多博物馆。另一个原因，参观博物馆不仅是成年人的消遣，还是全家人的极好的活动，老人和小孩都喜欢。不管是免费还是得花合理的费用，参观博物馆给一家人提供了好几个小时待在一起的机会。
●Summary：小结，1句，将论证的三句话进行总结，与本段主题句首尾呼应。可不写。
（三）Conclusion：结论段，归纳结论段，2句。
●Concluding sentence：结论句，1句。
1）2010英语（二）：
 Thus，we can conclude that as economy grows strongly in developing countries，people in these countries can buy more products.（14分作文，满分15分）因此，我们可以得出结论：随着发展中国家经济的强劲增长，这些国家的人们能购买更多的产品。
2）2011英语（二）：
 Taking into account what has been argued，we can come to the conclusion that this established trend is positive and therefore acceptable.（14分作文，满分15分）考虑到上述观点，我们能够得出结论：这一既定的趋势是积极的，因此可以接受。
3）2012英语（二）：
 In view of the above reasoning，I am convinced that it is difficult for everyone to be content with their jobs．鉴于上述论证，我认为很难做到每个人都对工作满意。
4）2013英语（二）：
 In the end，the impact of part-time work on students' academic performance depends on their ability to maintain a balance between their studies and the part-time job．总之，兼职对大学生学业的影响取决于他们是否能够平衡花在学习和兼职上的精力。
5）2014英语（二）：
 Generally speaking，people in expanding numbers would prefer to live in cities and towns which offer a rich variety of many options，whether it is for jobs，leisure，cultural or intellectual activities．总之，越来越多的人更愿意选择居住在城镇。城镇可以提供丰富的选择机会，无论是工作、娱乐、文化还是智力活动方面。