2018考研英语经典必背500句2(2)

本站小编 免费考研网/2018-11-25



【译文】科学技术上的发明创造被“不知内情者”看作是灵光一现或突发事件的结果。亚历山大·弗莱明爵士可不是像传说中的那样,看了一眼奶酪上的霉斑就立刻想到了发明青霉素。

【点睛】第一句的主干是Discoveries...are thought...to come or as the result of...。by “untaught minds”后面有用or连接起来的并列结构,作主语补足语。第二句的主干是Sir Alexander Fleming did not look at...and get the idea...。

untaught是第一句理解的难点,该词虽有“未受过教育的”意思,但通过联系上下文可知,在本句中并非此意。因为后一句弗莱明发明青霉素的例子说明:科技是由艰苦的实验得来的,不是像untaught minds认为的是来自于灵光一现或是突发事件的结果,所以可以推测untaught minds应该指“不知内情者”。blinding flashes指“炫目的一瞬”,意思相当于汉语中的“灵光一闪”。there and then表示“当时当地”。


33.Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.

【译文】对商业方法专利权申请的限制将会是一个戏剧性的彻底改变,因为这一专利权正是联邦巡回法院在1998年判决所谓的“美国道富银行”案件时引入的,该判决支持对共有基金资产进行集资的方式。

【点睛】该句的主干为Curbs...would be a dramatic about-face。其中,because引导的是一个原因状语从句,从句中又带有一个it was...that的强调句型,approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets是后置定语,修饰decision。about-face是英语中的俚语,意思是“大改变,彻底改变”。例如:

My boss made a sudden and complete about-face on this issue.我的上司在这个问题上作出突然而彻底的改变。

pool在句中作动词,意为“集中…共同使用;联营”。

State Street Bank指美国道富银行。

circuit在这里是“巡回”的意思,The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit即“美国联邦巡回上诉法院”。


34.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal—and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity.

【译文】关键在于,得分最多的正是那些射门次数最多的球员,而任何领域的创新活动都是如此。

【点睛】本句的主干是一个主系表结构:主语是the point,系动词是is, that引导表语从句the players...are the ones...。该表语从句包括两个定语从句,第一个定语从句who score most限定修饰the players,第二个定语从句who take the most shots限定修饰the ones。破折号后跟的句子用来解释前面的句子。注意:本句中,作者把发明创造比喻为踢足球,而把发明家比喻为足球运动员。

【考点归纳】阅读该句需要注意the point, so it goes和go on的含义。

* the point 要点,中心思想

He missed the whole point of my speech.

他完全没抓住我讲话的要点。

* so it goes 同样的道理,…也一样

As a river flows gently to the sea, darling, so it goes some things were meant to be.就像河水逐渐流向大海,亲爱的,同样的道理,有些事情是注定的。

* go on 继续下去

A voice from the past joins yours and mine, adding up the layers of harmony. And so it goes, on and on.来自过去的声音,混杂你我的声音,调和着悦耳的旋律,这声音从不停息,一直延续。


35.This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient:“How come nobody thought of that before?”

【译文】这解释了我们看到诸如塑料垃圾袋和带轮箱包之类看似简单却令生活更便利的发明时的反应:“怎么过去就没有人想到这办法呢?”

【点睛】本句的主干就是This accounts for our reaction。最后的引语是our reaction的同位语,而reaction后面介词to的宾语比较繁杂,核心词是innovations, like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels是介词短语作后置定语。定语从句that make life more convenient用来修饰核心词innovations。

【考点归纳】本句有两个重点:account和how come。

* account for有“解释;说明;占”的意思,在本句中意为“解释”。例如:

Philip was seized with a restlessness he could not account for.

菲利普被一种莫名的不安所笼罩,但他就是说不出为什么。

还要注意固定用法:

There is no accounting for tastes.

人各有所好。

与account相关的短语还有:

on no account/not on any account 决不

take sth. into account/take account of sth.考虑

on account of 由于

* How come?在口语中特别常用,相当于why。如果你觉得什么事很奇怪,就可以用这个句子来问对方。例如,有人告诉你他周一不用上班,你就可以问他How come?又如,你今天迟到了,老板就会问你You were an hour late this morning, how come? (今天早晨你迟到了一小时,怎么回事?)

另外,当别人问你一个问题而你不想回答时,也可以说How come?这时就相当于Why do you ask that?


36.The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.

【译文】创新者则会另寻别的道路,而这样的道路最终可能会被证明是更简单的,而且也一定更有趣、更富挑战性,即使它们通向绝境。

【点睛】本句是一个带非限定性定语从句的复合句。主句的主干是The innovator will search for alternate courses,逗号后跟由which引导的非限定性定语从句。

【考点归纳】

注意in the long run和be bound to do的用法。

* in the long run意为“从长远的观点来看;最终”,其反义短语为in the short run,意为“在短期内”。

Cardboard's cheaper than leather in the short run.

就短期来说硬纸板比皮革便宜。

In the long run, it pays to be honest.

从长远看,诚实是值得的。

* be bound to do 一定要,注定

The new discovery is bound to be of great service to mankind.

这项新发现对于人类必定大有用处。

You are not legally bound to answer questions.

在法律上,你没有义务必须回答这些问题。

相关短语还有be bound up in“忙于;专注于…”,be bound up with“与…有关系”。

She is bound up in her own problems.

她忙于处理自己的问题。

His future is closely bound up with that of the company.他的前途与那家公司的未来息息相关。


37.But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.

【译文】但这样想也挺有趣:在每周杂志封面上我们所看到的那些已为人父母的名人照片,他们一个个看起来无忧无虑、幸福满满的样子,看多了这样的照片,会不会正无形中加剧我们对于现实生活的不满?这就像我们当中有部分人曾经希望通过剪个“瑞秋”(美国情景剧《老友记》中的单身妈妈)式的发型以便使自己看起来有点儿像詹尼弗·安尼斯顿(瑞秋的扮演者)——这样简单的模仿同样会无形中加剧我们对生活的不满。

【点睛】这句话的结构比较复杂,第一,if the images...aren't...contributing to...experience是一个宾语从句,作wonder的宾语。第二,images后边带有两个后置定语,一个是定语从句we see every week,另一个是介词短语of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood。第三,介词短语in some small, subconscious way插入在谓语aren't...contributing to中间,充当方式状语。第四,in the same way that a small...like Jennifer Aniston是一个方式状语从句,修饰谓语contributing。在这个方式状语从句中,a small part of us是主语,hoped是谓语动词,其后带有一个宾语从句(that)getting “the Rachel” might make us...like Jennifer Aniston,这里that被省去了。在这个宾语从句中,主语是getting“the Rachel”这个动名词短语,谓语是might make,后边us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston是一个复合宾语(即宾语us+不定式短语look just...宾语补足语)。


38.Apart from the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.

【译文】除了议会制定的二十七项法案对广告词加以约束之外,没有哪个正规的广告商敢推销与广告承诺不符的产品。

【点睛】本句的主干是no regular advertiser dare promote a product,前面是一个apart from引导的介词结构,介词from的宾语the fact之后又有一个同位语从句。在主句中,a product之后跟着定语从句that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements。act作“法案”讲时首字母必须大写。

Would you tell us something about the new Education Act?请你给我们讲讲新的《教育法》好吗?

短语live up to意为“实现,兑现”。

You muse live up to your promise.

你必须兑现你的诺言。

【考点归纳】注意作“除了”讲时,apart from, other than和but的区别。

* apart from兼有except(从所提到的人或事物中除去,即“从整体中除去一部分”)和besides(除了…之外,还有…,即“在整体中加入一部分”)两种含义,还有without的意思。apart from后面可接名词、代词或动名词。

Apart from the cost, it will take a lot of time. (=besides)

The orphan had no one to take care of him apart from his uncle. (=except)

He has done good work, apart from a few slight faults. (=except for)

There can be no knowledge apart from practice. (=without)

* but与except同义,但but多用在every、any、no等词以及由这些词构成的复合词,如everything、anywhere、nobody等和all、none之后。

The children go to school every day but Sunday.

除了周日,孩子们每天都上学。

They are all gone but me.

除了我,他们都已经走了。

You can get the book anywhere but here.

除了这儿,你可以在其他任何地方买到这本书。

There is no one but me.除了我没有别人。

Who but George would do such a thing?

除了乔治,谁还会做这样的事情?

* other than意为“除…以外;不同于,不同”。

There's nobody here other than me.

除了我这里没别人。

You can't get there other than by swimming.

你只能靠游泳游到那边去。


39.If its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive—advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention.

【译文】如果广告的内容仅仅限于提供信息——如果说这不是完全不可能达到的,也是很难做的,因为即便是挑选衬衫颜色这样的细节也带有微妙的说服性——那么广告会如此乏味以致没人会去关注它。

【点睛】本句的主句是advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention, if引导一个虚拟条件句。句子中两个破折号之间的部分则起着补充说明前面的条件从句的作用。

注意,在条件状语从句中使用了虚拟语气,表明作者认为广告中只出现告知性信息的不可能性。

【考点归纳】limit、restrict和confine这三个动词都有“限制,限定”的意思,注意它们的区别。

* limit指时空、程度、数量等方面的限制,其内涵是如果超出限度就会遭到令人不快的惩罚。

This driver received a ticket because he failed to limit his speed while driving in heavy traffic.

那位司机收到了一个违章通知单,因为他在车多的地方没有限速。

We must limit our expense to what we can afford.

我们必须把开支控制在自己的支付能力内。

* restrict“限制”的是范围,而limit侧重于把自己“限制”到某个点。

In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned.

在民主的国家里,限制新闻自由的任何尝试都理所当然要受到谴责。

The trees restrict our view.

这些树局限了我们的视野。

* confine兼有limit和restrict的含义,但其内涵是“约束”或“束缚”。

He is confined to the house by illness.

他因病闭门不出。

The professor confined his remarks to scientific management.

那位教授把自己的讲话限于科学管理方面。

注意,confine亦可用作名词。

It did not, however, remain within the confines of his estate.然而,这种疾病并未被控制在他的庄园范围之内。


40.The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles.

【译文】成长过程不是道路本身,而是当遭遇新的情况或未曾预料的坎坷时所持的态度和情感,是慎重行事还是勇往直前。

【点睛】本句的主干是the process is not...but...,注意but后面的成分较复杂,有四个并列的成分attitudes、feelings、caution和courage,在它们的后面有一个as引导的时间状语从句。

阅读中要重视not...but结构中but后的部分,因为其后是作者要强调的重点。

【考点归纳】注意but的用法。

* but 作连词

常与否定词连用,连接两个并列的名词、形容词、副词、短语或分句等。

It never rains but it pours.

不雨则已,一雨倾盆。

* but 作副词

用在can后意为“只能”,用在cannot后意为“不得不”。

I can but hurry back.我只能赶紧回来。

* but 的习惯用语

1)not...but...意为“不是…而是…”,连接两个并列成分。

Victory is not the end but a phase to the end.

胜利不是目的,而是达到目的的一个阶段。

2)but for=without,意为“要不是,如果没有”,相当于虚拟条件句。

But for the rain (If it didn't rain), we would have a pleasant journey.

要是不下雨,我们这次旅行就惬意了。

3)but that=except that,意为“若非,要不是”,引导虚拟条件句。

He would have helped me but that he was short of money at that time.

要不是他那时候没钱,他会帮助我的。

4)but then=on the other hand,意为“不过;在另一方面”。

London is a noisy place, but then it's also a place where you get the best entertainment.

伦敦是个闹市,不过它也是能够给你最好娱乐的地方。

5)all but意为“除…外全都,几乎”。

His theory is all but correct.

他的理论几乎是正确的。

6)anything but意为“决不”。

This car is anything but beautiful.

这辆汽车根本不漂亮。


41.The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.

【译文】经过了若干年,从事职业运动的人的身体发生了显著的变化,而经纪人更乐于调整团队的制服以适应他们日益变大、变长的骨架。

【点睛】句子的主干为The bodies...have changed...and manager have been more than willing to...。分词短语playing major professional sports作后置定语修饰bodies,意为“从事职业运动的人的身体”。adjust to意为“适应于”。be willing to do sth.意为“乐意做某事”。

【考点归纳】动词fit、adapt和adjust均有“使适合,适应”之意,它们的区别如下:

* fit含义广,指人或物适合或适应某一目的或用途。

My mother fitted the trousers by shortening them.

我妈妈把这条裤子剪短了些使之合身。

* adapt指人或物作某些改变以适应新的环境或不同的条件,强调改变的目的和重要性。

The farmers adapted themselves to city life.

农民们使自己适应城市生活。

* adjust与adapt含义很接近,但adjust所改变的幅度要小一些,侧重过程,主要用于表示调整角度、高度等。

He adjusted the timing of a car's engine.

他调整了汽车引擎的定时。


42.Many of life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.

【译文】过去许多求助于家人、朋友或同事便能解决的生活问题,现在却超出了大家庭的能力范围。

【点睛】本句的主干是Many...are beyond the capability...,其主语是Many of life's problems。the capability of...作介词beyond的宾语,构成介宾结构,which引导一个限定性定语从句,用来修饰限定主语。extended family指大家庭(几代同堂)。beyond在本句中的意思是“在…的能力之外”。

此外,还有以下几种家庭类型:nuclear family小家庭(只有父母和子女)、DINK(double income, no kids)丁克家庭、single parent family单亲家庭(家里只有父亲或母亲)、blended family混合型家庭(再婚后的家庭,夫妻双方的子女在一起生活)。

【考点归纳】介词beyond的用法值得关注。在考研英语阅读中,涉及beyond引导的各种短语非常多,下面是其不同义项的用法。

* 在…的那一边;越过

Beyond the mountains is a thick forest.

山那边是一片茂密的森林。

* 迟于,晚于

Don't stay there beyond the visiting hours.

超过会客时间,你就不能待在那里。

* (指程度)深于,(指范围)越出

It is beyond belief that anyone could be so stupid.

有人居然这么蠢,这可真令人难以置信。

* 除了…

I can tell you nothing beyond anything you already know.除了你所知道的,我无可奉告。


43.Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.

【译文】去哪儿寻求专家指导,如何确定接受哪条专家建议成了当今许多人面临的问题。

【点睛】本句的主语由并列结构where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept构成,表语是questions,后面的分词短语facing many people today作后置定语修饰questions。

【考点归纳】本句考查了疑问词和不定式的搭配。在英语中,连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词常和不定式一起使用,相当于名词性从句或定语从句的省略形式。这些连接代词和连接副词包括:who, what, which, when, where, how, whether等。

* How to act in this changing world presents a real challenge.在这个变化不定的世界中如何行动是个真正的挑战。(“疑问词+不定式”作主语)

* Life is long if you know how to use it.

如果懂得如何利用,生命其实并不短。(“疑问词+不定式”作宾语)

* Experience tells you what to do; confidence allows you to do it.经验告诉你做什么,而信心让你去做这件事。(“疑问词+不定式”作宾语)


44.As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.

【译文】随着家庭远离它们原来稳定的社区、离开多年的朋友和大家庭的种种关系,非正式的信息流被切断了,随之而去的是在需要时获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。

【点睛】本句为并列句,前一个分句带一个as引导的时间状语从句,状语从句中move away from后为并列平行结构their..., their..., their...,该分句的主干是the informal flow of information is cut off。在连词and后的分句中,the confidence省略了谓语“is cut off”,这里it指的是信息被切断的情况。在连词and后的分句中,that information...trustworthy and reliable是the confidence的同位语从句。

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    本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25
  • (2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(基础版)3
    Unit 59 Whether you are a gorilla,a four-year-old child,a politician or an Olympic athlete,the signs of victory are obvious for all to see: the chest inflates,the head is thrown back and the victor displays a strutting and confident air.Shame at being defeated is equally recognizable: the ...
    本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25
  • (2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(基础版)2
    Unit 33 Muffin Man has more than 2,000 songs on his hard drive,and he&s happy to share them.He&s a big fan of bands like Pearl Jam and the White Stripes,so there&s plenty of hard rock in his collection. But chances are youll never get to it.The 21-year-old pizza cook,who asked ...
    本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25
  • (2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(基础版)1
    新东方考研英语培训教材 (2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇 (基础版) 印建坤 编著 群言出版社 前言 PREFACE 考研英语阅读的复习方法 考研英语阅读难吗?难!!! 真的难吗?其实也不难。 有人会说,难者 ...
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  • (2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)5
    Unit 22 TEXT ONE Although it symbolises a bright idea, the traditional incandescent light bulb is a dud. It wastes huge amounts of electricity, radiating 95% of the energy it consumes as heat rather than light. Its life is also relatively short, culminating in a dull pop as its filament fr ...
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  • (2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)4
    Unit 16 TEXT ONE As the oil price climbed towards $100 a barrel during the past few weeks, big Western oil firms were reporting their results for the third quarter. Record oil prices, it turns out, do not translate into record profits. Oil is now close to exceeding the record set in 1979 o ...
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  • (2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)3
    Unit 11 TEXT ONE WHANGBoomBoomcast delicacy to the winds. Thus Ezra Pound in a letter to his father, urging the old man to help promote his first published collection. It might have been the poet&s manifesto. Pound is as divisive a figure today as he ...
    本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25
  • (2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)2
    Unit 6 TEXT ONE After a brutal election cycle peppered with sexist attacks, a historic slate of women will serve in the 113th Congress. Allison Yarrow on how the winners& response to sexism brought them victory at the polls. Remember 2008? The race when Tucker Carlson said he involunta ...
    本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25
  • (2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)1
    目录 前言 写给考研阅读理解想考高分的人 Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10 Unit 11 Unit 12 Unit 13 Unit 14 Unit 15 Unit 16 Unit 17 Unit 18 Unit 19 Unit 20 Unit 21 Unit 22 Unit 23 Unit 24 ...
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  • 2019考研英语作文经典话题及素材整理(20个)
    2019考研英语作文经典话题及素材整理(20个) 序号 2019考研英语作文经典话题及素材 考研万题库 1 英语作文经典话题及素材之教育 考研万题库 2 英语作文 ...
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  • 2019考研30天抢分计划:英语突破提高备战法(图文)
    2019考研30天抢分计划:英语突破提高备战法(图文)
      英语作为考研当中重要的组成部分,研究生的英语能力更是备受导师关注,绝大部分学校复试过程中也都有对英语能力的考察,所以说一个好的英语成绩不仅能够对初试分数起到拉动作用,也能给导师们留下更好的印象。而时间只剩30天,其实英语很难有突破了,那么在短短的一个月内如何突破英语呢?一起看看吧。   一、复习方 ...
    本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-23
  • 2019考研英语作文:盘点图表作文的描述重点
      (一) 表格:table  1. 极值  1)Female literacy rate is the highest in Singapore. (注意,用highest 而不是most)  2)Sri Lanka has the lowest proportion of women workforce. (注意,用lowest而不是most)  3)Food is the biggest item of expenditure for an average Australian family.  2. 排序  1)E ...
    本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-23
  • 2019考研英语大作文过渡句的使用
      在考研英语作文中,适当应用过渡句不仅可以从内容上可以提高文章的文采,而且可以在形式上使文章更流畅简洁。老师总结一些常见的考研英语写作过渡句,供2016考研的考生在2016考研英语作文中适当参考。  句1:用于分析原因,提出意见或建议。  To prevent this phenomenon/trend from worsening/running wide/To gu ...
    本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-23
  • 【19考研英语】英语一写作强化(视频)
    ...
    本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-23