2018考研英语经典必背500句2(3)

本站小编 免费考研网/2018-11-25



【考点归纳】莎士比亚曾说过:Brevity is the soul of wit. (言以简为贵。)在英语中,“省略”是一种以无为有的表达方法,更是一种简便至极、虽无胜有的修辞手段。

* 并列句的省略是比较常见的,一般来说,在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都会被省略。

To some smile is very easy, and to others (smile is) so hard.对有些人来说,笑很容易;但对另一些人,(笑)则很难。

* 简单句的并列结构中也常用省略。

We may go there by train or (by) bus.

我们可能乘火车或(乘)公共汽车去那里。

★ 注意,在翻译中,可以在正确理解原文的基础上,对原文中省略的部分或保留或补全,或对其进行灵活处理。


45.The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.

【译文】现在个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多,而找到与他/她的特定问题相关的那一点信息不仅复杂、耗时,有时甚至相当困难。

【点睛】本句由两个并列的分句构成,中间用并列连词and连接。后一分句的主干是the task...is complicated, time-consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming,这三个形容词层层递进,加强了语气。另外注意that one piece of information中的that是用来强调one piece of information的。


46.Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.

【译文】伴随着信息量不断增长的是技术的发展,这些技术使得人们能够以更快的速度往更多的地方储存和发送更多的信息,这在以前是不可能的。

【点睛】本句是个完全倒装句,句子的正常语序应该是The development of technologies which...is coupled with the growing quantity of information.

【考点归纳】倒装,即把谓语放置在主语之前,有时这样做是出于强调的需要或由于语法的规定。根据谓语动词位置的变动程度,倒装可分为完全倒装和部分倒装。部分倒装仅仅把助动词或情态动词提前,而完全倒装则将谓语动词全部提前。本句由于主语过长,为了保持句子的平衡,避免头重脚轻,所以采用完全倒装。

完全倒装有以下几种形式:

* there be句型:有时在该句型中也可用其他表示存在意义的动词代替be,如:live, remain, come, stand, go, lie, exist,等等。

There is no friend so faithful as a good book.

最忠实的朋友莫过于一本好书。

* 主语是以there, here, now, then开头的句子。

Now is the time to take action.

现在采取行动的时间到了。

Then came another question.然后又有了新问题。

* 用于方位状语开头的句子。

In books are embalmed the greatest thoughts of all ages.古今最伟大的思想都将永载史册。

* 用于主语过长的句子。

Happy are those who dream dreams and are willing to pay the price to make them come true.

心怀梦想并愿意付出代价将其实现的人是幸福的。


47.Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit—and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly.

【译文】只有失业人员带着简历到就业服务中心,注册网上求职并开始找工作,他们才有资格获得救济金——之后还要每周而不是每两周进行汇报。

【点睛】本句是由and连接的并列句。第一个分句的主干是will they be eligible for benefit, only if引导的是该句的条件状语从句,因为only if位于句首,故主句用倒装结构。第二个分句的主干是they should report weekly。only if意为“只有”,fortnightly意为“每两周一次地”。

【考点归纳】only if和if only的区别:

* only if表示对条件的强调,意为“只有…(才);只有在…的时候,唯一的条件是…”。only if位于句首时主句需倒装,位于句中时则无需倒装。如:

I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard.

我告诉他,只有努力才能成功。

Only if the case is urgent should you call me in the middle of the night.只有情况紧急时,你才可以在半夜给我打电话。

* if only常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾,因此,主要用在含有虚拟语气的句子中,用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。常被译为“但愿、要是…该多好啊”。如:

If only I were as slim as you! 要是我像你一样苗条该多好啊!


48.As a discovery claim works its way through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual's discovery claim into the community's credible discovery.

【译文】当一项科学发现声明被科学界审查时,关于与其相关的科技的相同和不同观点的相互影响与碰撞,把一个人的科学发现转变为科学界可靠的发现。

【点睛】本句开头是as引导的时间状语从句,主句是the interaction and confrontation...transforms...into...。community此处指“科学界,学术界”,interaction意为“相互作用,相互影响”,confrontation意为“对抗;碰撞”,shared意为“共同的,相同的”,competing意为“相互矛盾的,不同的”,transform...into...意为“把…转变为…”。


49.Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!”

【译文】过分热衷于获胜会产生危险的后果:记得第一位跑马拉松的斐里庇得斯吗?他在说完“欢呼吧,我们赢了!”之后几秒钟便倒地而死。

【点睛】本句的结构十分简单。句子的主语是动名词结构being too keen to win,宾语是dangerous consequences,而consequences后面的部分用于补充说明是什么样的危险后果。

【考点归纳】我们常说英语是“两希文化”,即希腊罗马文化和希伯来文化,它们对英语语言产生了巨大影响。英语中有很多与之相关的典故,本句中的Pheidippides就是一个古希腊典故。

Pheidippides(斐里庇得斯)是古希腊军队中一名传令兵。公元前490年,波希战争爆发。在敌强我弱的情况下,希腊将军米太亚得对将士做战斗动员,他说:“雅典是永远保持自由,还是戴上奴隶的枷锁,关键就在你们。”他激动人心的话语坚定了士兵们保家卫国的决心。激战开始了,希腊士兵在下面发起进攻,波斯军队不知是计,立即反攻。希腊军队边战边退,波斯军队步步紧逼。在千钧一发之际,埋伏在两侧的希腊士兵以迅雷不及掩耳之势冲出来,从两侧夹击波斯军以使其陷入希腊军队的包围中,首尾不能相顾,赶紧慌忙逃向海边。这场战役中,波斯人丢下了6400具尸体和7条战船。雅典人大获全胜!斐里庇得斯被选中去传送消息。这位长跑能手当时已经负伤,可是,为了让同胞们早点知道胜利的消息,他拼命奔跑,当他跑到雅典城的中央广场时,激动地喊道:“欢…呼吧,雅典人,我们…胜利啦!”喊声刚落,便倒地而亡。


50.The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.

【译文】以考试来竞争这种做法的价值本身有些令人质疑,而在明知有人考试会通不过的情况下还要进行竞争,则肯定是有害的。

【点睛】本句是个并列句,由并列连词but连接。第一个分句的主干是The merits of competition...are... questionable,第二个分句的主干是competition...is...harmful。

本句的理解难点是短语in the knowledge of“在了解…的情况下”。注意knowledge在这里意为“知道,知晓”,而不是其常用的意思“知识”。


51.Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy.

【译文】也许,挑选护理职业——特别是医疗护理人员时,应该别太注重化学课的成绩,而多考虑他们是否细心、是否有同情心。

【点睛】本句是个简单句,主干是... selection...could be made less by...and more by...。介词短语for the caring professions作定语,修饰selection。两个逗号间的especially medicine是对caring professions的具体说明。could be是一个虚拟句式,表示一种与现实相反的情况。注意less...and more...结构,同时注意more后面的部分是本句着重强调的部分。


52.Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skilful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behavior demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning.

【译文】反复练习能帮助记忆,它可以使人们熟练地演奏钢琴、背诵诗歌乃至阅读和理解这些词句。所谓的智力行为需要记忆,记忆也是推理的基础。

【点睛】第一句的主干很简单,就是Constant practice has such an effect...as to...,主要的结构是such...as..., as之后有一个不定式,这个不定式有三个并列的宾语:to skilful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words。注意这里的三个to都是介词,和动词lead构成短语。

【考点归纳】注意such...as...和such as的区别。

* such...as...意为“像…一样的…”。其中such是形容词,后接名词;as可以作连词或介词,作连词时引导定语从句,在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语和表语。

Let's discuss only such questions as concern every one of us.

我们只谈与我们每个人都有关的问题吧。(as作主语)

Don't read such poems as you can't understand.

不要看你(们)看不懂的诗歌。(as作宾语)

He is not such a man as he used to be.

他已不是过去的那个样子了。(as作表语)

* such as是复合连词/连词短语,意为“诸如…的,像…一般的,例如”,用来列举事物,把其后的名词(作为前面提到的名词的同位语)连接起来。

Poets such as Byron are rare.

像拜伦那样的诗人是罕有的。

* 注意区别以下几种表达:

1)such as与for example

such as用来列举同类的事物,而for example是从诸多事物中举出几种来说明某个问题。for example作插入语,用逗号隔开,可置于句首、句中或句末。

Many great men have risen from poverty. Lincoln and Edison, for example.许多伟人都从贫穷中崛起,比如林肯和爱迪生。

2)such as与namely/that is...

such as后面列举事物的数量不能等于前面提及的事物的总和,一旦相等,就要用that is或namely。

He knows six foreign languages, that is, English, Russian, French, Spanish, Japanese and German.他懂六种外语,即英语、俄语、法语、西班牙语、日语和德语。

3)such as to do表示程度或结果

Her illness was not such as to cause anxiety.

Her illness was not so serious to cause anxiety.

她的病还不是那种令人担忧的病。

I am not such a fool (=so foolish) as to believe that.我没有那么笨,居然会相信那件事。

不难看出,“such as+不定式”和“such...as+不定式”及“so...as to”一样,都表示“程度或结果”;而“so as+不定式”则表示目的,意为“以便,为了”。

We started early so as to get there before noon.

为了在中午前赶到那儿,我们一早就动身了。

Take care so as not to harm yourself.

小心别伤了自己。


53.Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious.

【译文】有一段时间不实践,学到的东西往往就会渐渐遗忘,其适应性结果也就显得不太明显。

【点睛】本句是个并列句。在分号前面的分句中,over a period of no practice作时间状语,主语是从句what has been learned,谓语是tends to be forgotten。而分号之后的分句则是主系表结构。


54.In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals.

【译文】从这个意义上来说,遗忘的能力可以理解成是在动物的自然选择过程中保留下来的。

【点睛】本句是个简单句。主干为the ability...can be interpreted to have survived...。in this sense是状语,修饰整个句子,ability是主语,其后的不定式to forget作后置定语,谓语是can be interpreted,不定式to have survived作主语补足语,而介词短语through...in animals作方式状语。

【考点归纳】

注意区分短语in this sense和in this case。

* in this sense指“在这种意义上,从这个角度讲”,强调主观上的感觉。

In this sense, what you have done is right.

从这个角度来说,你做得没错。

* in this case指“在这种情况下”,强调的是一种客观上的情况。

In this case, you have to work much harder.

在这种情况下,你得更加努力工作了。

* 此外,与sense相关的短语还有:a sense of对…的感觉,make (no) sense(没)有意义。

He is free from any sense of responsibility.

他丝毫没有责任感。

Does it make any sense?

这样有什么意义呢?


55.His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generations of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.

【译文】因此,对于那些可能认为英语的全球地位十分稳定、英国的年轻人不需要掌握额外的语言技能的人而言,他的分析会消除他们的自满情绪。

【点睛】本句的主干是analysis should end self-contentedness among those。those后的who引导定语从句修饰指示代词those。who引导的定语从句中又包含一个由that引导的宾语从句,作believe的宾语。在that引导的宾语从句中,又包含一个so...that引导的结果状语从句。so+形容词/副词+that意为“如此…以至于”。


56.In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade.

【译文】在考虑记忆的进化问题及其所有可能的方面时,可以思考一下如果记忆永不淡忘将会出现的情况,这是有好处的。

【点睛】本句的主干是it is helpful to...,而真正的主语是不定式to consider...。what would happen...作consider的宾语,在这个宾语从句中还包含一个由if引导的条件状语从句。

【考点归纳】

* 在英语中,当主语表示的是一次性的、具体的动作时,常用不定式。

To love is the most beautiful verb in the world.

爱是世上最美丽的动词。

* 如果作主语的不定式太长,可以后移,而将it作为形式主语置于句首。

It is better to light a candle than to curse the darkness.

与其诅咒黑暗,不如点燃一支蜡烛。


57.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.

【译文】最近,研究人员在调查房屋建设时发现,尽管建筑业的工作很复杂,但是得克萨斯州休斯顿那些受教育不多、不会说英语的墨西哥工人总是能达到最佳的劳动生产力标准。

【点睛】该句的主干是...the researchers discovered that...。其中,while引导的是省略主谓的时间状语从句;that引导的宾语从句中,主干为Mexican workers...met best-practice labor productivity standards, despite引导的介宾短语作让步状语。


58.Tight-lipped elders used to say, “It's not what you want in this world, but what you get.”

【译文】出言谨慎的长辈们过去常说,“问题不是你在这个世界上需要什么,而是你得到什么。”

【点睛】本句的主干是... elders used to say+直接引语。直接引语是主系表结构,其中表语用了not...but...结构。看到该结构后,应意识到强调的重点在but之后。

It is not money, as is sometimes said, but the love of money—the excessive, selfish, covetous love of money, that is the root of all evil.

金钱并非如人们有时所说的那样是万恶之源。对金钱的追求——过度的、自私的、贪婪的追求,才是真正的根源。(本句的重点在but之后。)

该句中,复合形容词tight-lipped的字面意思是“嘴唇紧闭的”,而此处结合上下文应该理解为“在某件事上守口如瓶的;出言谨慎的”。要表达相反的含义可以用loose-lipped,意为“嘴巴很松的;说话随便、不负责任的”。

【考点归纳】复合形容词是由两个或两个以上的词构成的形容词,通常在句中作定语。复合形容词的构成方式有多种,而且词与词之间有连词符号。下面就将几种主要的复合形容词构成类型归纳如下:

* 形容词+V-ing,相当于“系表结构”

a good-looking boy =a boy who looks good

相貌好看的男孩

an ordinary-looking man 相貌平庸的人

nice-smelling flowers 香气扑鼻的花

* 副词+过去分词,相当于“被动的定语从句”

a well-written novel =a novel that is well written

写得好的小说

best-housed people 居住条件最好的人

a newly-published article 新发表的文章

* 形容词+名词+-ed后缀

an ill-tempered man =a man whose temper is ill

脾气坏的人

short-sighted students =students with short sight

近视的学生

sweet-tempered 性情温和的

tender-hearted 软心肠的

* 名词+形容词,名词如同状语,修饰形容词

an apple-green shirt = a shirt being as green as apple 苹果绿衬衫

a piece of sky-blue cloth 一块天蓝色的布


59.You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living.

【译文】你可以在脑子里为你的愿望画一幅蓝图,就像给房子画蓝图那样,实际上,在日常生活中,我们每一个人都在不断地描绘着这些蓝图。

【点睛】本句是由and连接的两个并列分句。在第一个分句中,as作连词,引导的是比较状语从句,比较make a mental blueprint of a desire和make a blueprint of a house。第二个分句的主干为:each of us is...making blueprints...。第二个分句用现在进行时表示经常发生的事情,这样的结构常常用来表达经常发生的令人不快的、令人讨厌的事情。

【考点归纳】现在进行时在英语中用来表示现在正在进行的动作或发生的事,还可表示某个最近的计划或安排将要进行的活动,但当其与always、forever、continually、constantly等副词连用时表示重复的动作,而这种动作可能使人感到不满、厌倦或不合情理,但有时也可以表示赞赏或满意。

Having a negative mental attitude means that you are constantly undermining your own future. Remember, if you shed tears when you miss the sun, you also miss the stars.

态度消极意味着你在不断地破坏自己的未来。记住,如果你因失去了太阳而流泪,那么你也将失去群星。(批评)

She is perpetually interfering in my affairs.

她老是干预我的事。(不满)

The students are making progress constantly.

学生们在不断进步。(满意)


60.While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “Wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.

【译文】在与你谈话时,你未来的雇主也许就在掂量,你的教育背景、工作经历及其他资历是否值得他雇用你,而你的“资格”和能力必须合理而有序地展示出来。

【点睛】本句是由and连接的并列句。第一个分句的主干是employer is deciding whether..., while talking to you作时间状语,谓语动词decide后面接了一个whether引导的宾语从句。第二个分句的主干是your “Wares”and abilities must be displayed...。本句理解的一个难点是“Wares”。ware的本意为“货物或商品”,但根据上下文可知应聘者在找工作的时候会努力推销自己,把自己最佳的一面展现给雇主,因此wares应指“应聘者的资格或能力”。ware还可以和其他的词构成合成词,如:tableware“餐具”、dinnerware“整套的餐具”、stemware“高脚的玻璃器皿”、flatware“扁平的餐具(如刀、叉、匙、碟、盘等)”。

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