北京外国语大学英语专业超全面翻译笔记(环球时代)(3)

本站小编免费考研网/2019-03-27

化合价：Aluminium has a conmbining power of three.
【机械】
动力：power shaft传动轴
力：brake power
【社会】
力量：knowlege is power
权力：politica power
强国：superpower

The shade meaning of "system":

【机电】
系统：electric light system电照明系统
lubricating system润滑系统
电力网：system fault电力网故障
装置：tierod-crank system连杆曲柄装置
top charging system炉顶装料装置
设备：loading system转载设备
制：basic hole(shaft) system基孔（轴）制
【数学】组：system of equations
【力学】系：system of forces
【化学】法：acid system酸法
【社会】
体系：industrial system
制度：social system
方法：a new system of teaching foreign language
The shade meaning of "work":
工作：work experience
工件：stamp work模锻工件
工厂： NO.1 Motor Vehical Works
工事：defence works
著作：new works on acupuncture针刺疗法新书
功：mechanical work
运转：The machine works well.
加工：The wood works easily.
起作用：The medicine works.
造成：work wonders(miracles)创造奇迹
The shade meaning of "sound":
【声音】sound wave
【听起来】The plan sounds reasonable.
【发音】sound every syllable!每个音节都要发音。
The ship moved slowly forward sounding as she went.航船慢速前进，一路锤测水深。
【完好的】sound metal优质金属
【牢固的】sound casting 坚实的铸件
The sahde meaning of "sound":
【圆的】round plate
【整的】a round ton
【环形】a round trip往还一次
【圆角】fillet and round内圆角和外圆角
【弹】guided round (missile)导弹
【围绕】The moon moves round the earth.
【到处】show sb round
【使圆】round the corners
【舍入】3.14159 rounded to four decimals becomes 3.1416
废物"之说：
1、litter：并不是真正意义上的废物，而是用后散置的“杂物”，相当于odds and ends，或索性说是残余物（leavings）
Always pick up your litter after a picnic.
2、waste：真正的废物，美国人常用trash,此字还有“残屑”、或“垃圾”之意。
垃圾篓美国人用trash can；英国用dustbin.美国人把南方的穷苦白人叫the (poor) white trash;可见，此词又可作“无价值的人或物”解释。
That book is mere trash.
3、rubbish：范围广，真正的废物。也可表惊叹“Rubbish(胡说！)”
英国人常说：That book is all rubbish.
4、厨房残屑:kitchen refuse或refuse：此词做废物或无用之物讲，但一般指固体废物，不指可排泄的垃圾。
5、到垃圾的地方：a dumping ground; a dumping-place for rubbish; a rubbish dump.
6、junk:垃圾、废物。原意是“破烂货”。
His writing is all junk.
7、废人、社会渣滓：human waste; debris; dregs of population; off-scourings of humanity; dross of mankind; hobo
He is now a "has-been"(他现成了废物)＝He outlived his usefulness.
Commitment译法:
动词commit在字典中涵义：
1、犯、行、作：commit a crime; commit a blunder; commit murder; commit suicide
2、委托、付诸：commit some funds to the care of trustees(委托资金与保管委员会)；commit a bill(议会将议案交付委员审查)；commit thoughts to writing(将想法写出来)；commit something to memory(暗记某事)；
3、承担：If you agreed to give a number of lectures, help to pay your brother’s school expenses, and give $ 500 a year for clothes, you have quite a lot of commitments.
4、 (束缚身体之意转为)牵累，陷入，献身：Do not commit yourself(勿自限累)；commit oneself to a promise;
例析：
1、 In the last decade, however, we have sought to fulfill the goal with greater zeal, greater commitment, and greater success than at any period in our history.
在过去十年中，我们比历史上任何时期都力求更加热心地、更加献身地、更加成功地来达到这个目标(献身)。
2、（李光耀对新加坡人的定义）A Singaporean is a person who feels committed to upholding society as it is—multi-racial, tolerant, accommodating, forward-looking---and who is prepared to stake his life for the community.
一个新加坡人就是一个对现存的多元种族、容忍互助而又高瞻远瞩的社会，以献身精神来支持它，并装备为它付出生命的人（献身的）。
3、I believe that both candidates should make it absolutely clear that they share a basic commitment to the success of the negotiations now taking place in Paris.
我相信两党的总统候选人，都应绝对明确地表示，他们对于促成现在巴黎举行的商谈成功，具有基本的言语约束（言约）。
4、 he second imperative of our policy for peace is that we must meet our commitment and keep our promises to use our strength to oppose aggression.
我们和平政策的第二条诫命，就是我们必须尽我们的义务，守住我们的诺言，竭尽所能，反抗侵略(诺言)。
5、 Vietnam may be a bitter hoax or it may be a major commitment in the defense of freedom, but it will go away because we yell “foul”; it will not fade because we blow retreat.
越南可能是一种痛苦的玩笑，也可能是在保卫自由中的一个大的牵累，它不会因为我们大叫讨厌而走开，也不会因为我们鸣金收兵而消失（牵累）
6、 The report said that new commitments of US$50.7 million during fiscal year 1968 raised total investments of the International Finance Corporation in private enterprises in its member countries to US$271.8 million in 39 countries.
1968年会计年度新的投资计有5070万美元，使得国际金融公司在其他会员国的私人企业总投资，39个国家共达27180万美元（投资）。
7、 The Japanese have faithfully observed their commitments.日本人忠实地遵守了投降条件（条件）。
其他：
an all-around commitment（全面的约束）
to give a precipitate commitment(给以轻率的

保险种种：

accident insurance意外保险
accident death insurance意外死亡保险
accounts receivable insurance应收帐款保险
additional insurance加保
agricultural insurance农业保险
air transport insurance空运保险
air transportation cargo insurance空运货物保险
aircraft hull insurance飞机机身保险
aircraft passenger insurance飞机乘客保险
all risks insurance综合保险
annuity insurance年金保险
automobile insurance汽车保险
aviation insurance航空保险
aviation liability insurance航空责任保险
aviation personal accident insurance航空人身意外保险
bad debt insurance坏帐保险
baggage insurance行李保险
bailee's customers insurance受托人代客保险
basic insurance基本保险
blanket insurance总括保险
block insurance船舶保险
boiler explosion insurance锅炉爆炸保险
bond insurance债券保险
bonding insurance保证保险
broker insurance保险掮客
building insurance建筑物保险
burglary insurance盗窃保险
business interruption insurance业务中断保险
business liability insurance营业责任保险
capital insurance资本保险
cargo insurance货物保险
cargo marine insurance海洋货运保险
cargo transportation insurance货物运输保险
carrier's liability insurance承运人责任保险
cash messenger insurance现金运送保险
casualty insurance不幸事故保险, 灾害保险
cattle insurance家畜保险
cede insurance分保
child's insurance儿童保险
civilliability insurance民事责任保险
civil responsibility insurance责任保险
collective insurance集体保险
collective accident insurance集体灾害保险
collision insurance碰撞保险
commercial credit insurance商业信用保险
commission insurance佣金保险
compensation insurance职工赔偿保险
comprehensive insurance综合保险, 全程保险
compulsory insurance强制保险
concurrent insurance同时保险
consequential damage insurance间接损害保险
consequential loss insurance间接损失保险
consignment export insurance寄售输出保险
consignment sale export insurance寄销出口保险
consignment stock insurance寄销货物保险
continued insurance继续保险
convertible insurance转换保险
cost and insurance成本加保险价
credit insurance信用保险
credit life insurance信用人寿保险(借款人死亡时, 应将赔偿金付给放款人)
crop insurance作物保险
damage insurance损失保险
death insurance死亡保险
deferred insurance
搁置保险
deposit insurance
存款保险
disability insurance
残废保险
disbursements insurance
船舶费用保险
domestic insurance
家计保险
domestic animal transportation insurance
家畜运输保险
double insurance
双重保险
duty insurance
关税保险
earthquake insurance
地震保险
economic policy insurance
经济政策保险
education insurance
教育保险
elevator liability insurance
电梯责任保险
employee's pension insurance
职工退休养老保险
employer's liability insurance
雇主责任保险; 职工伤害保险
employment insurance
就业保险
endowment insurance人寿定期保险, 养老保险, 储蓄保险
endowment life insurance人寿定期保险
engineering insurance工程保险
erection insurance机器安装保险
excess insurance超额保险
exchange risk insurance外汇风险保险
exhibition insurance展览保险
expected profit insurance预期利润保险
explosion insurance爆炸保险
export insurance出口保险, 输出保险
extended terms insurance延期保险
external investment principal insurance国外投资本金保险
facultative insurance临时保险
family income insurance家庭收入保险
farm insurance农业保险
fermentation insurance发酵保险
fidelity insurance职工忠诚保险
fire insurance火灾保险, 火险
fiscal insurance租税保险
fixed term insurance定期保险
flood insurance洪水保险
forced insurance强制保险
foreign exchange fluctuation insurance外汇波动保险
fraternal insurance互助救济保险
freight insurance运费保险
frost insurance霜害保险
full value insurance全值保险
general average disbursement insurance共同海损费用保险
general export insurance普通输出保险
government employee insurance公务人员保险
group insurance团体保险
group life insurance团体人身保险
guarantee insurance保证保险, 盗窃意外保险
hail insurance雹害保险
harvest insurance收获保险
hazardous insurance危险物品保险
health insurance健康保险
hire purchase credit insurance租赁信用保险
homeowner's insurance房主保险
hospitalization insurance医疗保险
hull insurance船舶保险, 运输工具保险
hypothecation insurance抵押保险
imaginary profit insurance预期利益保险
immovable insurance不动产保险
inconvertibility insurance国外投资本利不能兑换汇回保险
increased value insurance增值保险
individual accident insurance个人伤害保险
industrial insurance工业保险
inland marine insurance内陆水运保险
invalid insurance伤残保险
jewellery insurance珠宝保险
jobless insurance失业保险
joint insurance合伙保险, 联合保险
joint stock insurance合股保险业
label insurance标签保险
labour insurance劳动保险

land transit insurance
陆运保险
leasehold interest insurance
租赁权益保险
liability insurance
责任保险
life insurance
人寿保险
lighter insurance
驳运保险
livestock transit insurance
活牲畜运输保险

long life insurance
长寿保险
luggage insurance
行李保险
machinery insurance
机器保险
machinery breakdown insurance
机器损坏保险
marine insurance
海洋运输保险, 海上保险, 水险
marine cargo insurance
海运货物保险
marine hull insurance
船舶保险
maritime insurance
海洋运输保险
maternity insurance
生育保险
medical expense insurance
医疗费保险
mixed insurance
混合保险

more specific insurance最特定保险
mortality insurance死亡保险
mortgage insurance不动产抵押借款保险
motor car insurance汽车保险
motor cycle insurance摩托车保险
motor vehicle passenger insurance汽车乘客保险
movable insurance动产保险
multiple-line insurance多种类保险业务
mutual insurance相互保险
national insurance国民保险, 国家保险
national health insurance
国民健康保险
no-fault insurance
无过失保险
non-concurrent insurance
不同时保险
non-life insurance
损害保险
obligatory insurance
强制保险
ocean marine cargo insurance
海洋运输货物保险
old age insurance
老年保险
open cover cargo insurance
预约货物保险单
open policy insurance
预约保险
ordinary life insurance
普通终身寿险
overlapping insurance
重复保险
overseas insurance
海外保险
overseas travel sickness insurance
海外旅行疾病保险
own insurance
自己保险, 本身保险
paid-up insurance
保费已付足的人寿保险单
parcel post insurance
邮包保险
partial insurance
部份保险
participating insurance
由相互保险公司所出的分单保险, 其利润将来仍退给投保人
passenger insurance
旅客保险
pensions insurance
抚恤金保险
perpetual insurance
终身保险
personal insurance
人身保险
petty insurance
小额保险
plate glass insurance
玻璃保险
pluvious insurance
雨水保险, 雨淋保险
postal insurance
简易保险
power interruption insurance
电流中断保险
preliminary term insurance
初期保险, 持续保险
premium insurance
保险费
prepaid insurance
预付保险费保险
primary insurance
优先保险
product liability insurance
产品责任保险
professional liability insurance
职业责任保险
profit insurance
利润保险
property insurance
财产保险
proprietary insurance
营业保险
provisional insurance
暂时保险
public liability insurance
公众损害保险, 公共责任保险
pure endowment insurance
生存保险, 养老保险
rain insurance
雨害保险
reduced paid-up insurance
减额支付保险
registered mail insurance
挂号邮件保险
rent insurance
房租保险
replacement insurance
重置或修复保险
residence insurance
住家保险
retirement income insurance
退休收入保险
river hull insurance
内河船舶保险
river transportation insurance
内河运输保险
robbery insurance
盗劫保险
shipping insurance
船运保险
sickness insurance
疾病保险
social insurance
社会保险
specific insurance
特定保险
state insurance
国家保险
storm and tempest insurance
暴风雨保险
straight life insurance
终身保险
strike expenses insurance
罢工追加费用保险
subsidiary insurance
附属保险
supplementary insurance
追加保险
survivorship insurance
共有财产中归后死者所得的联合保险
term insurance
定期保险
theft insurance
盗窃保险
time insurance
定期保险
time hull insurance
船舶定期保险
title insurance
产权保证保险
tourist luggage insurance
旅客行李保险
transit insurance
内陆运输保险
traveller's accident insurance
旅客意外保险
trust insurance
信托保险
unemployment insurance
失业保险
unexpired insurance
未到期保险
use and occupancy insurance
固定开支保险
voluntary insurance
自愿保险
voyage insurance
航次保险
waiting insurance
停止保险
war risk insurance
战争险, 兵险
water pipe insurance
水管保险
whole life insurance
终身保险
windstorm insurance
风暴险
workmen's insurance
工人保险
workmen's compensation insurance
劳工保险
yacht insurance
游艇保险
insurance for adult
成人保险
insurance for medical care
医疗保险
insurance of export-import goods
进出口货物保险
insurance of valuables
贵重物品保险
insurance or guarantee of private loans
私人贷款保险或担保
替代词one, ones, that, those在比较结构中的用法辨析
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
在比较结构中，为了避免重复，常用替代词替代名词词组或它的中心词。可以这样用的替代词常用的且较难掌握的有one， ones，that和those。
I．替代词one和ones的用法：
1．one只能替代单数名词，one的复数形式ones只能替代复数名词。例如：
My child doesn't like this book．Show her a more interesting one．
2．替代词one或ones必须带有一个限定或修饰词，它们和所替代的名词中心词所指不一定是同一对象，这是替代词one或 ones在用法上的一个重要特征。例如：
I don't like this book．I'd like a more interesting one．
3．当替代词one或ones带有后置修饰语时，它们前面总有定冠词。例如：
Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had before．
4．当替代词one或ones在形容词比较级、最高级以及某些限定词如this，that， which和序数词等之后，可以省略。例如：
This book is much better than that（one）．
5．替代词one或ones通常不用在物主代词和名词所有格之后。如不可说my one（s），your one（s），Peter's one（s）等等。one或 ones也不能用在own之后。
但是，如果有了形容词，one（s）可以和物主代词及名词所有格连用。如：
My cheap camera seems to be just as good as John's expensive one．
6．one作替代词时，在of前面不能用 the one来表示所属关系和类似概念。如不可说：
＊He put down his gun and picked up the one of Henry．
该用一个所有格来表示 He picked up Henry's．

7．当两个形容词表示对照的意思时，不能使用替代词 one。仅在其中一个形容词后加上名词即可。例如：
Don't praise the younger child in the presence of the elder．
8．替代词 one如果不带任何前置修饰语，即它的前面既没有限定词，又没有形容词时，便不是替代名词词组的中心词，而是替代整个名词词组。这时，one＝a＋单数名词。例如：
A cake made of wheat costs less than one made of rice．（one ＝a cake）
one的这种用法是泛指同类事物中的任何一个，相当一个不定冠词，因此它没有复数形式。要泛指复数事物，只能用some。例如：
Here are a few apples．Would you like some（＝some of them）？
II．替代词that和those的用法：
1．that和those通常用作指使代词，也可用作替代词。它们总是伴随着限定性的后置修饰语，分别等于the one和 the ones。例如：
The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor．
2．that也可替代不可数名词，但是 the one则不能。例如：
The resistance of a thicker wire is less than that of a thin one．
以上两例中的that都不能换成the one。
3．that作替代词，只能指物，不能指人。those作替代词，既可指物，也可指人。例如：
The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with．
该句中的the one不能换成that。
4．that用作替代词和它所替代的名词词组的中心词的“数”可以不一致。替代单数名词时，只替代“the ＋单数名词”，不可替代“a＋单数名词”。例如：
The song by Schubert is more tuneful than that by Britain．（that＝the song。song为可数名词。）
请注意，这里说的that只替代“the ＋单数名词”，不可替代“a＋单数名词，系指that在句子中实际的作用，并非要求它在句子中所代表的前面出现的词组必须是“the ＋单数名词。例如：

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