妙语点睛 这里的as就是一个副词，修饰形容词certain。

精品译文 丹相信，如果没有萨达姆，这个世界会更美好。但他同样确信的是，美国无权推翻伊拉克的领导人，而应该由伊拉克人民自己来处置他。可是美国现在却扮演着上帝一样的角色。





5.3 as用作关系代词，引导定语从句

关于as引导定语从句的详细用法，请参见第一章“定语从句”P15页1.6小节。我们这里只是简单举例回顾一下。as引导的定语从句位置灵活，主要是用于句首，但也可以用在句中或句末。

as从句用在句首：

25 As is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production. （1995年语法）

26 As can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition. （1999年语法）

27 As Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, puts it, “There has to be coordination of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.” （2006年完形填空）

28 As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. （1997年阅读第二篇）

29 As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all.

as从句用在句中：

30 Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. （2006年阅读第二篇）

31 There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. （1998年阅读第二篇）

32 There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself.

as从句用在句末：

33 The world’s three top central bankers（Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami）are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest men（Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht）.（2004年阅读第二篇）





5.4 as用作连词

as用作连词，可以引导各种状语从句，我们在P63页“ 状语从句”一章都已讨论过。这里，我将它们归纳在一起，供大家参考。

5.4.1 as引导时间状语从句

as引导时间状语从句，一般译成“随着……”，或“一边……一边……”。

真题再现：语法攻克考研“完形填空”——1997年第42题

34 42 industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive by reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.

A. For

B. Because

C. As

D. Since

正确答案 C

妙语点睛 这里as引导从句表示时间。

精品译文 正当一些工业巨头，像通用汽车公司和IBM公司都试图通过裁员来谋求生存之时，总部设在威斯康星州密尔沃基市的劳务公司Manpower却发展起来。

更多真题例句：

35 The arrow fell into the river as the boat was drifting on the water. The soldier tried to retrieve it.

36 Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes（travels to and from work） and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. （2000年阅读第四篇）

37 Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them. （2004年阅读第二篇）

38 As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. （2001年阅读第二篇）

39 Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.（2004年阅读第三篇）

40 As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. （2002年阅读“七选五”）

5.4.2 as引导原因状语从句

41 If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. （2002年阅读第一篇）

妙语点睛 这里as表示原因。

精品译文 如果你是你们谈话对象的一部分，你就能够了解你们所共有的经历和问题，你就可以对餐厅那难以下咽的食物和总裁在选择领带方面糟糕的品味品头论足。对于其他听众，你就不能试图插入这种幽默，因为他们不喜欢外人对他们的餐厅和总裁有如此微辞。

真题再现：语法攻克考研“英译汉”——2004年第62题

42 We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.

妙语点睛 这里的as表示原因。

精品译文 我们之所以要感激他们（两位先驱），是因为在此之后，这些（土著）语言中有一些已经不复存在了，这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了，或是被同化而丧失了自己的母语。

43 From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending.（2004年阅读第三篇）

妙语点睛 这里的as表示原因。

精品译文 从汽车经销商到服装专卖店，由于顾客缩减了开支，几个月来销售额一直走低。

5.4.3 as引导方式状语从句

1. as引导方式状语从句

在英文中，as引导的方式状语从句，是用来修饰句子谓语部分的。请看例句：

44 Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.” （2000年阅读第二篇）

妙语点睛 这里as a savage looks at a ship作状语，表示方式，修饰主句谓语部分look at an organic being。

精品译文 达尔文有句话是描述那些对进化一无所知的人们的：他们“看待一种生物就像野人看轮船，好像看某种完全超出自己理解能力的东西”。

45 Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it.（2006年阅读第四篇）

妙语点睛 这里as religion once did作状语，表示方式，修饰主句谓语部分need art to tell us。

精品译文 今天，我们的周围充斥着可以轻易得到幸福的许诺，我们需要艺术来告诉我们，正如宗教曾经告诉我们的：记住你终将死亡，一切都会结束，幸福不会因否定这一点而到来，而是与之共存的。

真题再现：语法攻克考研“英译汉”——2006年第49题

46 But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.

妙语点睛 这里as the businessman takes his ethics作状语，表示方式，修饰主句谓语部分take his code for granted。

精品译文 但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人专注于探讨行业规范一样。在其生命的大部分时间里，他将把自己的道德准则视为理所当然的事情，如同商人看待自己的道德准则一样。

47 As used in this context, the word “challenging” means “demanding”. The author is fairly skilled at word diction.

妙语点睛 这里as引导的是一个方式状语从句，且是一个省略的形式，其完整结构应为As it is used in this context。

精品译文 “challenging”一词用在这样的语境中时，意为“demanding”。由此可见，作者是很善于措辞的。

48 Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. （2001年语法）

妙语点睛 这里as we use the word作状语，表示方式，修饰主句谓语部分refers to all religious institutions。

精品译文 我们所使用的“教派”一词指所有的团体，不管他们信奉基督教、伊斯兰教、佛教，还是信奉犹太教等。

真题再现：语法攻克考研“英译汉”——1994年第72题

49 “In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”

妙语点睛 这里as we call it是一个方式状语从句。这个结构类似于上述as we use the word，很多考生将其误认为是as引导的定语从句。二者的重大区别是：as引导的方式状语从句必然是一个完整句子，as在从句中不充当成分；而as引导的定语从句，as后接的必然是一个不完整的句子，因为as需要在从句中作成分。比如：Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare.这是2006年阅读第二篇中的一个句子，这里as we all know就是一个定语从句，as作know的宾语，指代Stratford-on-Avon has only one industry—William Shakespeare，这个句子也可以这么说：As we all know, Stratford-on-Avon has only one industry—William Shakespeare.

精品译文 新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之，我们所谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器械的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。”