In summary, people enjoy visiting museums because doing so helps them to understand the history and culture of the place, be it at a local, regional, national or international level. Meanwhile, it is an educational and cultural experience that can be enjoyed by the whole family.



参考译文

这幅线状图清晰地显示，从2013年到2015年，中国博物馆的数量和参观人数均急剧上升。根据上述数据，我们可以看出在这三年中，博物馆的数量从4165所迅猛增加至4692所，而与此同时，参观人数的数据从6.37亿急剧上升至7.81亿。

博物馆吸引着大多数人，从小孩到老人，各个年龄层的人无不为博物馆着迷，至少有两个根本原因。第一个原因，许多游客对参观博物馆感兴趣是为了了解当地的历史和文化。一国的首都，如北京、伦敦或巴黎，简直就是博物馆爱好者的天堂，一个人可以花数天时间参观许多博物馆。另一个原因，参观博物馆不仅是成年人的消遣，还是全家人的极好的活动，老人和小孩都喜欢。不管是免费还是得花合理的费用，参观博物馆给一家人提供了好几个小时待在一起的机会。

总之，人们喜欢参观博物馆——无论是当地、地区级、国家级还是世界级的博物馆——是因为这样能帮助他们了解当地的历史和文化。同时，全家人去逛博物馆也是一件乐事，能从中学到知识，感受文化。





六、2019年英语（二）写作真题详解

Directions:

Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)



命题解析

本题并未考查2018年最热门的改革开放四十周年、中美贸易战等当年最热门的话题，而是再次考查了教育这一中性话题，体现了目前强烈的反押题倾向，也体现了考研写作一般和当年最热门话题的关系不大，一般不考查政治、军事、时事、民族、宗教等敏感话题，而是重点考查“老掉牙”的次热门话题。

本题是继2006年MBA考查“工程硕士招生”、2008年MBA考查“成人高考”、2013年英语（一）考查“大学毕业生的选择”、2013年英语（二）考查“大学生兼职”、2017年英语（一）考查“读书”、2018年英语（一）考查“选课”之后，考研写作第七次考查教育这一话题。

本题其实是2013年英语（一）“大学毕业生的选择”几乎原题重考，只不过把图画改成了图表。当年图画中出现一群毕业生，面对四种选择：就业、创业、考研、出国，文字说明显示“选择”。本题中的“升学”指的就是当年的考研和出国。在北京新东方学校面授和新东方在线网课上，笔者详细讲解过这道题目。如果考生之前背过相关范文，诸多表达均可使用。

这也是继2015年英语（二）小作文借鉴2010英语（一）小作文考查招募志愿者的告示、2017年英语（二）小作文借鉴2010年英语（一）大作文“文化融合”之后，英语（二）写作第三次借鉴英语（一）写作真题。希望英语（二）考生充分重视英语（一）考过的大小作文写作真题，经常互相借鉴。

笔者编著的《（2019）考研英语高分写作》第76页提供了关于“职业选择”的图表预测范文，几乎与本题完全一样。2018年12月22日，考研英语考完之后，笔者也进入了当天的微博热搜，很多背过范文的考生欣喜若狂。该书第148页提供了关于毕业选择的图画作文，第218、215、167、75、169、170页提供了关于就业、创业、考研（大学扩招）、教育回报、读书、出国留学的图表作文预测范文，诸多表达均可使用。

《考研英语高分写作素材大全》第四章第五节提供了大量关于毕业选择的写作素材，涵盖了毕业选择、创业、留学、考研、就业，诸多表达均可使用。《（2019）考研英语（二）高分写作考前预测20篇》第68、49、56、71、75页提供了关于职业选择、出国留学、教育回报、硕士招生、读书的预测范文，均可使用。

本题首段应该进行图表描述，首句总体描述，点出主题（去向）+对象（某高校毕业生）+时间（2013-2018年）。第二、三两句进行细节描述，分别描述就业百分比的下降趋势和升学、创业百分比的上升趋势，并说明具体数据。

第二段可以进行原因列举，首句主题句承上启下。下面进行因果论证，提出就业比例下降、升学及创业比例上升的两至三点原因。也可以使用正反论证、举例论证等其他论证手段，只要相关即可。

第三段有三种写法：其一是预测趋势，这种趋势将会继续；其二是归纳结论，对全文进行总结；其三是建议措施，提出两到三点具体建议。

经典范文032

In accordance with the statistics in the bar chart above, the percentages of graduates’ whereabouts in a certain university underwent an enormous change from 2013 to 2018. During this period, the data of students seeking employment has declined sharply from 68.1% to 60.7%, whereas the statistics of those choosing further education and running their own business increased markedly from 26.3% and 1.3% to 34% and 2.6% respectively.

From my perspective, the tendency in the bar chart above can be traced back to three major contributors. First and foremost, with social competition becoming keener, the situation of the job market is increasingly grim. In addition, in today’s world, where college population grows rapidly, further education becomes essential if they wish to compete for a rewarding job. Last but not least, for those with a manageable schedule, exploratory mind and entrepreneurial spirit, starting their own business can offer important career benefits—not to mention a handsome paycheck.

Generally speaking, when it comes time for university graduates to decide their next step in life, there is no right or wrong choice for everyone. Rather, each student must reach his or her own conclusion. By taking career goals, financial status and personal preferences into consideration, students can improve their chances of making an optimal choice.



参考译文

如上面柱状图所示，某高校毕业生去向的百分比在2013年至2018年间发生了巨大的变化。在此期间，求职学生的数据从68.1%急剧下降到60.7%，而选择继续深造和创业的学生的数据分别从26.3%和1.3%上升到34%和2.6%。

在我看来，以上柱状图中的趋势是由三个主要原因造成。首先且最重要的是，随着社会竞争变得日益激烈，就业市场的形势越来越严峻。其次，现在大学生的人数快速增长，如果他们想竞争得到一份满意的工作，继续深造就变得十分必要。最后但同样重要的一点，对于那些能合理安排时间，有探索思维和创业精神的同学而言，创业的经验会使他们在职场中受益匪浅，更别提他们拿到的那份丰厚薪水了。

总之，大学生毕业之际，每个人在决定人生中的下一步时，做何选择无所谓对与错。更恰当地说，每个学生必须做出属于自己的选择。大学生在综合考虑职业目标、经济状况及个人偏好之后，就更有可能做出最佳选择了。





七、教育文化类：教育回报（2012年12月四级真题）

Directions: Write an essay entitled “Education Pays” based on the statistics provided in the chart below (Weekly earnings in 2010).

You should give a brief description of the chart first and then make comments on it.



经典范文033

The column chart above clearly illustrates the weekly earnings of people with different educational backgrounds in the United States in 2010. According to the data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, there was a steady increase in average earnings with educational level, ranging from $444 for people with less than a high school diploma to $1670 for those with doctoral degrees.

The reasons for this trend are as follows. In the first place, it has long been an accepted fact that a higher degree is a pre-requisite for finding a good job or a promising career. Having a career implies a progression in one’s work life, whereby one can progress into increasingly responsible positions with a commensurate increase in pay. In the second place, in our highly competitive society, whether in China or the US, it can be said that it is hardly possible for a person to find a good job with a promising future without at least a college degree. Even a bachelor’s degree is not always enough, and increasingly more and more young people are continuing on for their master’s or doctoral degrees.

From the analysis given above, we may predict that in order to remain competitive in the workplace, people in mounting numbers will return to school to continue their educations, even though they already have their college or university degree.



参考译文

上述柱状图清晰显示了2010年美国不同教育背景人群的周薪数据。根据美国劳工统计局的数据，根据受教水平不同，平均周薪从高中以下文化程度人群的444美元稳步上升到博士学位拥有者的1670美元。

存在这一趋势的原因如下：首先，拥有更高的学位是找份好工作或拥有光明职业前景的前提条件，这是大家长期以来公认的事实。拥有一份职业意味着职业生涯上的一大进步，之后才可以担任更高的职务，薪水也会相应地增加。其次，无论是在中国还是美国，在当今竞争愈发激烈的社会，一个人如果连大学文凭都没有，那么就可以说他几乎不可能找到一份前途光明的好工作。甚至大学文凭也还不够，越来越多的年轻人正在继续深造，攻读硕士或博士学位。

根据以上分析，我们可以预测：为了保持在职场上的竞争力，越来越多的人即使拥有了大学文凭，也会回到学校继续深造。





八、教育文化类：出国留学（2013年英语（一）真题改革版）

Directions: Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)



经典范文034

The chart above clearly reflects the amount of people studying abroad and the growth rate between 2005 and 2015 in China. According to the survey, the number of people studying overseas has been on a steady rise from 118,000 to 523,000. However, its growth rate fluctuated dramatically between approximately 5% and nearly 30%.

Several major factors contribute to the aforementioned changes. On the one hand, for the majority of people, living and studying in a foreign country provides an excellent opportunity to expand their knowledge. In order to become truly proficient in a foreign language, it is vital to learn its culture—including social interaction, customs and conventions, and so on. On the other hand, overseas studies also provide us with a valuable chance to learn how to be more open-minded and independent. It takes a person with strong willpower and an independent spirit to live alone and fully adapt to the culture of a foreign land.

To sum up, by studying abroad, people are able to augment their linguistic knowledge and deepen their cultural understanding, to the benefit of their future careers. In the meanwhile, those equipped with the qualities of open-mindedness and independence will be able to contribute more effectively to, and be more competitive in, the modern-day workplace.



参考译文

上述图表清晰地反映了从2005年到2015年中国出国留学人数及其增长率的数据。根据调查，出国留学人数从11.8万稳步增长到了52.3万。然而，其增长率在大约5%至将近30%之间急剧波动。

几个主要的因素造成了上述变化。一方面，对大多数人来说，能在外国生活和学习，将会给他们提供一个扩大知识面的绝佳机会。要想真正精通一门外语，了解这个国家的文化极其重要，包括其社会交往、风俗习惯等等。另一方面，海外留学也会给人们提供一次宝贵的机会，来学习如何让自己心胸更加开阔，个性更加独立。这需要一个人凭借顽强的毅力和独立的精神独自生活并且充分适应异国文化。

总之，在国外留学，人们可以充实自己的语言知识，加深对文化的理解，从而对以后的职业生涯大有裨益。同时，那些心胸开阔、个性独立的人能更有效、更有竞争力地参与到当今的工作中来。





九、社会热点类：健康问题（2001年考研大纲样题）

Directions: Widespread tobacco consumption has led to grave consequences, yet the tobacco companies still claim that they make a valuable contribution to the world economy.

There is a discussion in a newspaper on the above two viewpoints.

Write an essay to the newspaper

1) criticizing their view, and

2) justify your stand.

In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the pictures printed below.

You should write about 200 words on the ANSWER SHEET.



经典范文035

The majority of people would agree that smoking cigarettes has caused serious problems. But the tobacco companies insist that they contribute greatly to the world economy by paying taxes to the government and employing hundreds of workers.

Personally, I believe that cigarette production and consumption does more harm than good. Firstly, smoking is responsible for many fatal diseases such as lung cancer, heart diseases and so on. According to the survey, tobacco consumers account for about 20% of the world population, and among them, three million people die from smoking-related diseases every year. The fact that the output of tobacco production declined from 14.364 billion pounds in 1994 to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995 suggests that people have come to realize the negative effects of smoking. Secondly, tobacco consumption is extremely wasteful of money. As is indicated in the pictures, 200 billion US dollars is lost due to smoking each year. Obviously, the total loss of money around the globe substantially exceeds the gain in the industry.

In conclusion, as economic development aims at making our lives better, we cannot sacrifice our health for short-term financial benefits. If we have to spend more and more money providing medical services for those who suffer from smoking-related illnesses, the notion of promoting the economy via tobacco production becomes unjustifiable. It is high time that we fought for a total tobacco ban.



参考译文

大多数人认为吸烟已经导致了严重的问题。然而，烟草公司声称他们通过给政府纳税和雇用成百上千的工人，为世界经济做出了巨大的贡献。

个人而言，我认为烟草的生产和消费弊大于利。首先，吸烟是导致诸如肺癌、心脏病等很多致命疾病的原因。根据调查，烟民大约占世界人口的20%，而在他们中间，每年有300万人死于与吸烟相关的疾病。世界烟草总产量从1994年的143.64亿磅下降到1995年的142亿磅的事实，也证明了人们已经逐渐意识到了吸烟的负面影响。其次，烟草消费非常浪费金钱。如图所示，每年由于吸烟损失2000亿美元。显而易见，全球在金钱上的总损失明显超过了烟草业的收益。

总而言之，由于经济发展旨在改善人民生活，我们不能为了短期经济利益而牺牲健康。如果我们不得不花费越来越多的钱为那些受吸烟相关疾病所困扰的人群提供医疗服务的话，那么通过烟草生产来发展经济的观念就站不住脚了。我们早就该进行一场全面禁烟的战役了。





十、社会热点类：交通问题（2007年MBA真题及英语（二）大纲样题）

Directions: Write an essay based on the following chart, in which you should

1) describe the chart briefly, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.



经典范文036

The table above clearly reflects the statistics of traffic accidents happening in a Chinese city. According to the table, in 2005, the traffic accidents in the Chinese city still failed to arouse concerns among both drivers and pedestrians.

The number of accidents that resulted from drivers turning left without due care increased 10 percent to 608, which is highlighted on the first row of the table. Accidents related to drivers driving under the influence of alcohol rose by 15%, which is the greatest rise among the listed five causes. In comparison, those pedestrians who were careless when crossing roads also led to 401 accidents. By analyzing these factors displayed in the diagram, we may draw the conclusion that both drivers and pedestrians have little respect for traffic regulations.

As has been mentioned above, countermeasures should be taken immediately so as to reverse the grim situation. First of all, relevant laws and regulations should be established to severely punish those who violate traffic rules openly, be they drivers or pedestrians. Furthermore, a widespread education campaign should be launched to inform citizens that proper rules are of benefit to public safety. Only by doing so can we exist in a harmonious and disciplined society.



参考译文

上述图表清楚地反映了中国某市的交通事故数据。根据图表，在2005年，这座中国城市的交通事故仍然没能引起司机和行人的关注。

源于司机左转时不够小心的事故数量增加了10%，达到608起，这在图表的首行非常显著。与司机酒后驾车相关的事故增长率高达15%，这在所列示的五大事故原因中增幅最大。同样，那些过马路不小心的行人也导致了401起事故。通过分析图表中所显示的这些原因，我们可以得出结论，司机和行人都不太遵守交通法规。

综上所述，我们必须立即采取抵制措施来扭转这一严峻的形势。首先，我们应该制定相关法律法规来严惩那些公然违反交通法规的人，无论他们是司机还是行人。其次，我们应该开展一场广泛的宣传活动来告知公众，适当的法规对公共安全有益。只有这样我们才能在一个和谐、守法的社会中生活。





第五节 考研写作核心词汇





一、环境保护类


（一）生态环境保护

1 环境保护

提高环保意识 enhance environmental awareness

环境保护 environmental protection

保持生态平衡 keep ecological balance

生态系统 ecosystem

自然保护区 nature reserve

可持续发展战略 sustainable development strategy

宜人的生活环境 pleasant living environment

2 节能减排

节能（节约能源）save energy

减排（减少温室气体排放）reduce the emission of greenhouse gases

降低资源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation

环保产品 environment-friendly products

全球变暖 global warming

低碳经济 low carbon economy

清洁可再生能源 clean renewable energy

核能 nuclear energy

太阳能 solar energy

大功率电器 high-power electrical appliance

二氧化碳 carbon dioxide

气候变化 climate change

（二）环境恶化

1 环境恶化

环境恶化 environmental deterioration

乱砍滥伐 deforestation

防止过度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation

水土流失 water and soil erosion

沙漠化 desertification

人口增长 population growth

野生动物保护 wildlife protection

濒危物种 endangered species

野生物种 wild species

商业捕鱼 commercial fishing

过度捕捞 overfishing

过度开发 reckless exploitation

2 自然灾害

自然灾害 natural disasters

大灾难 catastrophe

破坏性灾难性地震 destructive and disastrous earthquake

沙尘暴 sandstorm

沙丘 sand dune/hill

旱灾 drought

水灾 flood

雪灾 snowstorm

（三）环境污染

1 环境治理

污染者负担的政策 “the-polluters-pay” policy

执法检查 law enforcement inspection

限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed

limit of time

2 白色污染

白色污染 white pollution

限制使用一次性塑料袋 limit/ban/prohibit the use of disposable plastic bags

可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags

一次性筷子 disposable chopsticks

3 垃圾处理

乱扔垃圾 litter

垃圾分类 garbage classification

丢弃 throw, discard

垃圾 trash, rubbish, garbage

城市垃圾无害处理 decontamination of urban refuse

三废 three types of wastes（waste water, waste

gas, solid waste）