2018考研英语经典必背500句2(7)

本站小编 免费考研网/2018-11-25



embarrassing

encouraging

entertaining

exciting

frightening

inspiring

interesting

misleading

pleasing

relaxing

rewarding

satisfying

shocking

surprising

thrilling

tiring

worrying

* 有时候-ing形容词与其对应的动词的含义没有联系,如:become是“变成”,而becoming却是“合适的,合身的”。

The skirt is very becoming to you.

这裙子很适合你。

下面还有更多的例子:

The north wind in winter is cutting.

冬天北风刺骨。

Jane is a retiring girl.珍妮是个腼腆的姑娘。

It's hard to scold a child who has such an engaging manner.斥责这么一个招人喜爱的小孩是很难的。

She was the more promising worker of the two.

这两个工人中,她更有前途。

We should concentrate our energy on more pressing matters.我们应该把精力集中在更紧迫的事情上。


99.Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.

【译文】很少有什么高科技能像大型水坝这样让人痴迷。可能正是因为人类长期遭受旱涝灾害,所以才会如此痴迷于治理江河的理想。

【点睛】第一句是个简单句。第二句是一个强调句型,主干是it is...suffering...that makes...so fascinating,强调的部分是humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought,其中心词是suffering。在由that引导的从句中,谓语是makes,宾语是ideal, of forcing the waters to do our bidding作ideal的后置定语,so fascinating作宾语补足语。

capture the imagination of是一个固定搭配,意为“为…吸引”或“激发…想象力”。at the mercy of意为“任…处置;受…所支配”。

A sailor is at the mercy of the weather.

水手受到天气的摆布。

bidding意为“命令;出价;邀请”。与bidding相关的短语有:at one's bidding“依嘱,遵命”;do one's bidding“照…的命令做,照…的话办”等。

Do as you are bidden.

按命令行事。

He bade me hold my tongue.

他吩咐我不要吭声。


100.The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn't help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves.

【译文】大坝给人们的教训是:大的未必就美。这并没有阻止修建高大雄伟的大坝成为那些力争得到自我肯定的国家和人民的成就标志。

【点睛】第一句是个复合句,其主语是lesson, that引导的是表语从句。第二句中it是句子的形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。在that从句中,主语是动名词短语building a dam,而句末的分词短语striving to assert themselves作后置定语,修饰nations and people。

【考点归纳】注意该句中与help相关的表达。

* it helps或it doesn't help是非常口语化的表达方式,前者意为“有所帮助,起到作用”,后者意为“帮不上忙,不起作用”。

It helps to remember that I can always look to your help.一想到能指望你帮我,实在让我感到宽心。

It doesn't help to have assumed such an attitude.

抱着这种态度没有什么作用。

* 与help相关的习惯用语还有:

1)be helped up with 〈口〉为…所累

I couldn't run to catch the bus, as I was helped up with a lot of parcels.

我因为拿着许多大包没法跑去赶公共汽车。

2)cannot help but不能不,不得不

I cannot help but be sorry.

我不能不感到遗憾。

3)cannot help doing不禁,忍不住,不得不

I cannot help crying.我忍不住哭了。

4)cannot help oneself doing情不自禁,不能自制

Hearing this story, I can't help myself weeping.

听到这个故事,我忍不住哭了。


101.The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left—all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.

【译文】例如,阿斯旺大坝阻止了尼罗河的洪水泛滥,但也使埃及失去了洪水冲击后留下的肥沃淤泥——所有这些换来的就是这么个巨大的病菌滋生的水库。现在这个水库积满了淤泥,几乎不能发电了。

【点睛】本句的主干是The Aswan Dam...stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt。句子的主语是The Aswan Dam,谓语有两个:stopped和deprived。第一个silt后面有一个that引导的定语从句,that指代silt,在从句中作宾语。破折号后面的部分作全句的状语,all应该理解为“所有这一切”,in return for后面的宾语跟有一个which引导的定语从句,修饰a giant reservoir of disease。

【考点归纳】注意deprive和短语in return (for)的用法。

* 句中的deprive意为“剥夺,使丧失”。

The court ruling deprived us of any share in the inheritance.法庭裁决剥夺了我们全部的继承权。

They were deprived of a normal childhood by the war.战争让他们失去了一个正常的童年时代。

* 短语in return for意为“作为…的交换;作为…的回报”,return后的介词for要跟作为交换或回报的事物;但for也可省略,in return后就不跟具体交换的事物了,并需置于句尾。

He agreed to give evidence against the terrorists in return for a guarantee of protection.

他同意提供指控恐怖分子的证据以换取受保护的保证。

To love is to risk not being loved in return.

真爱不求回报。


102.This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.

【译文】本周,在文明的欧洲的中心,为了多瑙河上一处水坝的争端,斯洛伐克和匈牙利差点动用军队。

【点睛】本句是个简单句,主干是... Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops...,句首的this week是时间状语,in the heart of civilized Europe是地点状语。理解本句的关键在于句中几个词和短语的意思:in the heart of意为“在…的中心”,heart意为“中心,要点”。

Let's get to the heart of the problem.

让我们来谈谈问题的核心吧。

stop short of意为“差一点就,还没有达到”。

China and Pakistan have signed a number of defense and trade deals, but have stopped short of announcing a new agreement on nuclear power.

中国和巴基斯坦签署了多项防务和贸易协定,但是双方没有在核能领域公布新的协定。

contention意为“争夺;争端”。

【考点归纳】

本句需要注意short of和heart的用法。

* 短语short of除了表示“缺乏的,供给不足的”之外,还有多种义项。

1)少于,不及

We're short of cash.我们现在现金不足。

Nothing short of her best effort was required to make the team.

要组成一个队,她必须全力以赴。

2)除非;除了(某种做法)外

Short of yelling at him, I had no other way to catch his attention.

除大声向他喊叫,我真想不出还有什么办法能引起他的注意。

3)险些做某事

She stopped short of throwing out the old photo.

她差点丢掉了旧相片。

* 除in the heart of外,关于heart的表达还有:cross my heart保证

win one's heart 赢得某人的心(爱情)

lose one's heart to someone 爱上某人

lack heart 缺乏勇气

lose heart 失去信心

broken heart 碎了的心(指伤心)

heart of gold 金子般的心

pour out one's heart 倾吐心事

one's heart in the right place 心肠很好

not to wear heart on one's sleeve 不要太情绪化

put one's heart at rest 使某人放下心来

put one's heart into 全心投入

a heart-to-heart talk 倾心相谈

write a letter to sb. and declare one's own heart

给某人写信表达自己的爱慕之情


103.What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.

【译文】更难确定的是,商人们所认为的他们正在领导一场生产力革命是否确有其事。

【点睛】本句的主干为What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution...is for real。其主语为what引导的从句,表语为whether引导的从句,该从句中又含有一个由that引导的定语从句,修饰the productivity revolution。而该定语从句中还含有一个宾语从句they are presiding over。短语for real是本句理解的一个难点,意为“确有其事”。

【考点归纳】for real有以下几个意思:

* 对对方的话表示同意。

—Crystal is so cunning.

克里斯特尔真狡诈。

—For real.

确实!

* 认真的,不是开玩笑吧?

—For real? =Are you serious?

你是认真的么?

—I'm for real.

我是认真的!

This isn't a practice game; we're playing for real.

这可不是练习,我们是在认真地比赛。

* 表示“是的”,相当于yes。

—Are you coming to watch the NBA Finals?

你来看NBA总决赛么?

—For real, man.

当然了!


104.The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.

【译文】问题在于,近期生产力快速增长的部分原因是经济周期出现的正常反弹,并不足以成为潜在的经济复苏的确凿证据。

【点睛】本句的主干是The trouble is that...。that引导的表语从句是由and so连接的两个表示因果关系的并列分句。第一个分句的主干是part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound...,其后是定语从句that occurs at this point in a business cycle,修饰rebound;第二个分句承前省略了主语,其主语应与第一个分句的主语相同,都是part of the recent acceleration。

acceleration意为“加速”,在句中指“经济加速”。revival意为“复兴,复苏”,在句中意为“经济复苏”。conclusive意为“确实的,决定性的”。due to的意思是“由于”。

【考点归纳】 because of、due to、owing to、on account of和thanks to都表示“由于”,但在使用时应该注意以下区别:

* because of强调因果关系,在句中仅作状语,修饰句中的一部分,与其他成分不用逗号隔开。

We must not get discouraged because of such a minor setback.我们决不可因为这样一个小小的挫折而灰心丧气。

* due to引出造成后果的原因,在句中作表语、状语和定语,作表语和状语时与owing to意思相同,作状语时,一般不与其他成分隔开。

This accident was due to (owing to) his careless driving.这次车祸是由于他开车疏忽大意造成的。He arrived late due to(owing to)the storm.由于暴风雨他来晚了。

Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences.由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。

* owing to与because of一样,也强调因果关系,除作状语外,也可作表语。作状语时修饰整个句子,可置于句首或句末,用逗号隔开。

They decided to cancel the flight, owing to the storm.由于暴风雨,他们决定取消这个航班。

His death was owing to an accident.

他死于一场事故。

* on account of与because of、owing to意思相同,但较为正式。可作状语和表语,不可作定语。

He could not come on account of his illness.

他因病不能前来。

That was on account of lack of exercise.

那是由于缺乏锻炼。

* thanks to表示“幸亏,多亏”,多用于表达正面意思,在句中作状语和表语。

Thanks to your advice, much trouble was saved.

多亏你的建议,减少了许多麻烦。


105.There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.

【译文】正如财政部长罗伯特·鲁宾所说的,生产力发生飞跃的商业传奇与统计数字所反映的情况之间存在着一种“脱节”。

【点睛】本句的主干为There is...a “disjunction” between the mass...and the picture...。主谓之间的as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says作插入语,表明了说话人是谁。介词between后面有两个宾语the mass of business anecdote和the picture,第一个宾语后带有一个定语从句that points to a leap in productivity;第二个宾语后跟过去分词短语reflected by the statistics作后置定语,修饰the picture。

【考点归纳】考研阅读中的长难句中常常使用分隔结构,即语法关系密切的两个句子成分被其他的句子成分分隔的现象。使用分隔结构的目的在于使英语句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻,或为了突出主题思想。但同时,这也使得句子结构错综复杂,主干难以辨认,句意不好把握。因此准确判断分隔结构,理顺句子主干就成了理解这类句子的关键。分隔结构可以分为:句子主语和谓语的分隔;谓语动词和宾语的分隔;介词和其宾语的分隔;同位语与引导词的分隔;定语/定语从句与所修饰的名词/先行词的分隔,等等。

1)While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.

在等待进入大学期间,我在一份地方报纸上看到一则广告,说是在离我住处大约10英里的伦敦某郊区有所学校要招聘一名教师。(宾语a teaching post之所以放在in a local newspaper之后是因为它带有较长的后置定语,其目的是避免句子“头重脚轻”。)

2)We live in a time when, more than ever before in history, people are moving about.

我们生活在一个四处奔波甚于历史上任何时期的时代。(定语从句people are moving about被比较状语more than ever before in history分隔。此现象为“分隔定语”。)

3)I plan to see her soon in England, though not, she reminded me, again at 10 Downing Street.我打算不久和她在英国见面,不过她提醒我地点不再是唐宁街10号了。(让步状语 though not again...被插入语 she reminded me 分隔。让步状语所转达的意思正是插入语的宾语所要转达的意思。)


106.New ways of organizing the workplace—all that re-engineering and downsizing—are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.

【译文】重组企业的新方法——所有那些重新设计和缩小规模的做法——只是对一个经济的整体生产力的提高作出了贡献,而这种经济的发展还受到许多其他因素的驱使,如机械设备上的共同投资、新技术以及在教育和培训上的投资。

【点睛】本句的主干为New ways...are...one contribution to...,破折号之间的部分是主语New ways of organizing the workplace的同位语,用于进一步说明该主语的一些具体内容。contribution to后跟的是介词to的宾语中心词为productivity,逗号后是一个which引导的定语从句。在这个定语从句中by后面是宾语factors, such as引出的三个名词短语是该宾语的同位语,用来列举factors的内容。contribution to为固定搭配,指“对…的贡献”。joint investment指“共同投资”,类似的表达还有joint venture“合资企业”。


107.His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.

【译文】他的同事迈克·比尔说,太多的公司已用了机械的方式进行重组,在没有充分考虑到长期营利能力的情况下削减了成本。

【点睛】本句的主干为His colleague...says...。says的后面是由that引导的宾语从句,其主干为...companies have applied re-engineering...,该从句中还包含两个状语用来修饰谓语applied:一个是介词短语in a mechanistic fashion,作方式状语;另一个是现在分词短语chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability,表伴随。long-term为复合形容词,指“长期的”,其反义词是short-term“短期的”。

【考点归纳】本句中的far too many意为“太多的,过多的”。注意其中的副词far和too, far用来修饰副词too,而副词too则用来修饰形容词many。注意这两个词的用法。

* too可以修饰形容词和副词,但是too仍可被副词far修饰,以示强调。far too表示“实在太,过于”。

The coffee is far too hot.咖啡过于烫了。

He was at the airport far too early.

他来飞机场太早了。

* 除far以外,too还可以被all、rather、much等修饰,表示“实在太”;或被a bit修饰,表示“有点儿”。

The holidays were all too short.假期实在太短了。

You're going much too fast.你走得太快了。

This dress is a bit too small for me.

这条裙子对我来说太小了点儿。


108.Think of Galileo's 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake's harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton.

【译文】想想17世纪伽利略因其叛逆性的信仰而遭到天主教会的审判,诗人威廉·布莱克对艾萨克·牛顿的机械世界观提出的尖锐批评。

【点睛】这是一个祈使句,句子的主干是Think of...trial...or...remarks。trial后面的for his rebelling belief解释的是伽利略受审判的原因,before短语解释的是trial的地点,remarks后面的against短语解释的是remarks的内容。remark此处意为“评论,言论”,后面还可以接介词on或about。

He had a habit of making humorous remarks.

他习惯于制造幽默。

如果remark(s)后面接介词against,则表示“批评”。与remark相类似的还有:word(s), statement, comment,它们都可以跟介词搭配。

【考点归纳】注意英语中的无主语句。

* 无主语句是汉语中特有的句型,而英语中除了一些祈使句外,不允许出现没有主语的句子。

No parking.不许停车。

Be persuaded by your father.听你父亲的话吧。

Do be a man of courage.做一个勇敢的人吧。

* 祈使句的主语多为you,但一般不出现在句中。如果是要强调主语,或表示急躁、厌烦、不高兴等感情色彩,或表示向谁发出请求或命令时,祈使句可以有主语。有时祈使句写出主语来,是为了使对方听起来柔和一些。

Now you have a try.

现在你来试一下。(表强调)

You mind your own business.

你管好你自己的事情吧!(表厌烦)

You show her the way to the garden.

请你指给她去花园的路。(表请求)

You go and tell him, Chris.

克里斯,你去告诉他。(语气柔和)


109.Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason”, held in New York City in 1995, and“Science in the Age of (Mis)information”, which assembled last June near Buffalo.

【译文】科学的捍卫者们也在一些会议上表示了他们的担忧,如1995年在纽约举行的“远离科学和理性”会议,以及去年6月在布法罗附近召开的“(伪)信息时代的科学”会议。

【点睛】该句的主干并不复杂,是Defenders...have voiced their concerns...。后面的such as所引导的成分主要用来举例说明meetings,引号里是两个会议的名称,过去分词短语用来修饰第一个引号里的内容,表明该会议召开的地点和时间;which引导的定语从句用来补充说明第二个引号里的内容,表明第二个会议召开的时间和地点。voice their concerns是“表示担忧”的意思。

【考点归纳】collect、gather、assemble和amass都有“收集;使…集中到一起”的含义,注意它们的区别。

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    Unit 77 Few ideas in education are more controversial than vouchersletting parents choose to educate their children wherever they wish at the taxpayer&s expense.The principle is compellingly simple.The state pays; parents choose; schools compete; standards rise; everybody gains.Simpl ...
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    Unit 59 Whether you are a gorilla,a four-year-old child,a politician or an Olympic athlete,the signs of victory are obvious for all to see: the chest inflates,the head is thrown back and the victor displays a strutting and confident air.Shame at being defeated is equally recognizable: the ...
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    Unit 33 Muffin Man has more than 2,000 songs on his hard drive,and he&s happy to share them.He&s a big fan of bands like Pearl Jam and the White Stripes,so there&s plenty of hard rock in his collection. But chances are youll never get to it.The 21-year-old pizza cook,who asked ...
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    Unit 22 TEXT ONE Although it symbolises a bright idea, the traditional incandescent light bulb is a dud. It wastes huge amounts of electricity, radiating 95% of the energy it consumes as heat rather than light. Its life is also relatively short, culminating in a dull pop as its filament fr ...
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  • (2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)4
    Unit 16 TEXT ONE As the oil price climbed towards $100 a barrel during the past few weeks, big Western oil firms were reporting their results for the third quarter. Record oil prices, it turns out, do not translate into record profits. Oil is now close to exceeding the record set in 1979 o ...
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    Unit 11 TEXT ONE WHANGBoomBoomcast delicacy to the winds. Thus Ezra Pound in a letter to his father, urging the old man to help promote his first published collection. It might have been the poet&s manifesto. Pound is as divisive a figure today as he ...
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    Unit 6 TEXT ONE After a brutal election cycle peppered with sexist attacks, a historic slate of women will serve in the 113th Congress. Allison Yarrow on how the winners& response to sexism brought them victory at the polls. Remember 2008? The race when Tucker Carlson said he involunta ...
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    目录 前言 写给考研阅读理解想考高分的人 Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10 Unit 11 Unit 12 Unit 13 Unit 14 Unit 15 Unit 16 Unit 17 Unit 18 Unit 19 Unit 20 Unit 21 Unit 22 Unit 23 Unit 24 ...
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