2018考研英语经典必背500句2(6)
本站小编 免费考研网/2018-11-25
【考点归纳】在第84句我们讨论了主语补足语,在英语中还有另一种补语,即宾语补足语。宾语补足语常见于宾语的复合结构,或是表明宾语代表的人或东西所做的动作,或与宾语有表语关系,说明它的状态、特性、身份等,构成“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”这一重要句型。
可以充当宾语补足语的有以下几种:
* 名词作宾补
I wish you greatness.祝你成就伟大。
He has made his weapons his gods. When his weapons win he is defeated himself.他把他的刀剑当作他的神祗。当他的刀剑胜利的时候,他自己却失败了。
* 动词不定式作宾补,表示宾语的动作还未发生或者强调宾语动作的全过程。不定式作宾补可分为带to和不带to两种。
Ask him to carry out the plan.
让他执行计划。(动作尚未发生)
I did see someone come in.
我的确看到有人进来了。(动作全过程)
注意,后接带to的不定式的常用动词有:ask, tell, beg, force, allow, wish, want, expect, advise, permit, order等等。而后接不带to的不定式的常用动词有使役动词have, let, make和感官动词see, watch, notice, hear等。
* 现在分词作宾补,表示宾语动作正在进行或持续一段时间。
You smiled and talked to me of nothing and I felt that for this I had been waiting long. I could felt my heart beating fast.你微微地笑着,不同我说什么话。而我觉得,为了这一刻,我已等待了太久。我能感到我的心跳得厉害。(动作正在进行)
They had the lights burning all night long。他们让灯整晚都亮着。(动作持续一段时间)。
注意,后接现在分词作宾补的常用动词有hear, watch, notice, find, smell, feel, keep, set, leave, get等。
* 过去分词作宾补,宾语和宾补之间是被动关系。
The president raised his voice to make himself heard.总统提高了声音以便让别人听见他讲话。
* 宾语补足语还可以由形容词、副词、介词短语充当。
Adversity makes a man wise, not rich.不幸使人聪明,但不会使其富有。(形容词作宾补)
Beauty, find thyself in love, not in the flattery of thy mirror.啊,美啊,在爱中找寻自我,而非到你镜子的谄谀去寻找。(介词短语作宾补)
Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister.
上周日,我看见你和你姐姐出去了。(副词 out作宾补)
88.We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.
【译文】我们生活的社会中,物质(药物)在医疗和社交方面的用途都很广泛:阿斯匹林用来缓解头痛,喝点儿酒作为应酬,早晨喝杯咖啡为自己提神,抽支香烟放松神经。
【点睛】句子的主干就是We live in a society...,后面的定语从句in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive,修饰society。冒号后面的部分是三个并列关系的名词短语,用来举例说明前面提出的观点,可以先略去不看。注意,此处名词短语中的动词不定式相当于定语成分,修饰前面的名词,表示其功效。
【考点归纳】注意本句中出现的几个词和短语的用法。
* 区分形近词sociable和social的意义及用法。
sociable和social都有“好交际的,好社交的”之意,此时两者通用。例如:
His mother is a sociable (social) person.他的母亲是个爱交际的人。
而且,social和sociable都可作名词“联欢会”讲,英国人用social,而美国人多用sociable。例如:
The club organizes monthly socials/sociables for its members.这个俱乐部每个月为会员举办联欢会。
sociable作为名词还有“对座四轮马车;双座三轮自行车;(二人座)S形椅子”之意,而social作为形容词还有“一定社会阶层、地位的,上流社会的;社会性的”等意。
* 动词短语get going意为“出发”,例如:
We'd better get going so we won't be late.
我们最好出发否则会迟到。
89.Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
【译文】对药品的依赖性首先表现为不断增长的耐药量,要产生理想的效果所需的药品剂量越来越大,而一旦中断使用,就会出现痛苦的停药症状。
【点睛】句子的主干结构是Dependence is marked first by..., and then by...。逗号隔开的成分是with复合结构,with+名词+过去分词,作伴随状语,进一步解释药物依赖的第一种表现。when the substance is discontinued是时间状语从句。
另外注意名词在这里的特殊意义:dependence指“对药物的依赖,毒瘾”,withdrawal的意思是“停止用药”。
90.No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. “Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?”
【译文】没有一家公司乐意听到别人说自己引起了社会的道德败坏。参议员罗伯特·多尔上周质问时代华纳公司的管理人员时说:“难道这就是你们要成就的事业吗?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂,难道你们还非要腐蚀我们的国家,威胁我们的孩子不成?”
【点睛】第一句是一个复合句,动词told之后是个宾语从句。第二、三、四句组成一个意思紧密的复杂长句,其核心句为Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week,其前后都是直接引语。前一个直接引语是带有表语从句的一般疑问句,后一个直接引语是转折关系的并列句,but后是一个一般疑问句,包括由and连接的两个并列部分corrupt our nation和threaten our children。注意这个疑问句带有反诘的意思。句尾的as well(也)实际上是个副词短语,相当于too,一般放在句末,有时和连词and或but搭配使用。
He is a knight, and a poet as well.
他是骑士,但也是诗人。
【考点归纳】contribute和devote均有“贡献”之意。
* contribute指对某事的形成有帮助或贡献。
In a short news conference after a working dinner on Thursday evening, Mr. Schroeder said Germany is ready to contribute to Iraq's reconstruction.
周四晚上工作餐之后,在一个简短的记者招待会上,施罗德先生说德国准备对伊拉克重建做出应有贡献。
此外,contribute还有“捐款,捐助;贡献,提供;投稿”等意思。
He contributed half of his savings to the relief fund.
他将一半的积蓄捐献给救济基金会。
He contributed generously to the Red Cross.
他对红十字会慷慨捐助。
He never contributes to the discussion.
他在讨论时从不发表意见。
The scientist often contributes to an academic journal.这位科学家常给那家学术期刊撰稿。
* devote则有“专心致力于,献(身),贡献;供奉,供献;把…专用于”的意思。
A man is not old as long as he is seeking something, so one should devote his life to accomplishing his dreams.
只要一个人还有追求,他就没有老,因此他应该致力于实现那些梦想。
We should devote ourselves assiduously and faithfully to the duties of our profession.
我们应当勤奋且忠诚地献身于我们的职责。
He devoted a great sum of money to books.
他花了一大笔钱买书。
91.It's a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.
【译文】这只是在不同时期涉及责任、创作自由和公司利润问题的自我反省。
【点睛】本句主干为It's a self-examination..., that引导了一个限定性定语从句,修饰先行词self-examination。定语从句的宾语是issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line。两个逗号之间的at various times是插入语。
注意,self-examination意为“自我反省,自我检讨”。corporate bottom line指的是“公司利润”。bottom line这个词汇是生意人最先开始用的。每个公司的会计在财务报告上都要把收入和支出加起来,然后得出一个最关键的数字,也就是这个公司究竟盈利多少,或亏损多少,这就是所谓的bottom line。美国人经常问:What's the bottom line?而此时,bottom line则是“结果”的意思。
【考点归纳】involve、include和contain均有“包括,包含”之意。
* involve所包含的往往是无形的、不可触知的东西,多用其引申义,有“使卷入,连累;牵涉”的意思。
The more you fight something, the more anxious you become—the more you're involved in a bad pattern, the more difficult it is to escape.
你越是与什么东西对抗,你就变得越急躁——在错误的思路中陷得越深,也越难摆脱痛苦。
Let us suggest to the person in crisis that he cease concentrating so upon the dangers involved and the difficulties, and concentrate instead upon the opportunity—for there is always opportunity in crisis.
让我们建议处在危机之中的人:不要把精力如此集中地放在所遇到的危险和困难上,相反,要把精力集中在机会上——因为危机中总是存在着机会。
* include则指“包括在整体中能明确界定的几个部分”。
The health club includes a gym, swimming pool, and locker room.
健身俱乐部包括体操房、游泳池和更衣室。
* contain指一个较大物体中所容纳的彼此分离的部分,有封闭于一个整体的感觉。它强调包容关系,既可指具体有形的东西,也可指抽象无形的东西。
The bowl contains a variety of fruit.
碗里装有各种水果。
92.The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company's rap music on the grounds of expression.
【译文】人们对饶舌乐(说唱乐)的焦虑使他的日子更不好过。莱文一直以言论自由为借口来为公司的说唱乐辩护。
【点睛】第一句是一个简单句。句子的主语是The flap over rap,谓语是is not making,句中出现了“make+名词+形容词”的结构,其中形容词作宾语补足语。本句中的flap是个难点,意为“焦虑”,flap over rap意为“对饶舌乐的焦虑”。第二句也是一个简单句,主干是Levin has defended...on the grounds of...(以某种理由或手段为某人辩护)。expression意为“言论表达”。on the ground of意为“以…为理由”。
He was dismissed on the grounds of negligence.
他因渎职而遭解雇。
93.“The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won't retreat in the face of any threats.”
【译文】他在《华尔街日报》专栏中写道:“对任何一个民主社会的检验,不在于它能多有效地控制舆论,而在于这个社会是否给予人们足够的自由空间去思考和表达,无论这些结果有时会多么富有争议和令人不快。我们不会在任何威胁面前退却。”
【点睛】第一句的主干为he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column...,直接引语是主句的宾语。直接引语被分成两部分,一部分在主句前,另一部分在主句后。直接引语中首句的主干是The test...lies not in...but in...however...,这是一个用副词however连接的并列句。
注意,一些副词有时可以当作连词来使用。
However hot it is, he will not take off his coat.
无论多热,他也不会脱掉外衣。
in the face of意为“面对”。
In the face of mounting opposition, the government withdrew its support for the plan.面临越来越多的反对,政府撤销了对这一计划的支持。
94.During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society's ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
【译文】在上个月股东会议讨论摇滚歌词时,莱文宣称“音乐不是社会弊病的根源”,而且以他在纽约市布隆克斯当教师的儿子为例。他的儿子用说唱的形式与学生进行交流。
【点睛】本句的主干为Levin asserted that...and even cited...。句首的During...stockholder's meeting是时间状语,引语music is not the cause of society's ills是动词asserted的宾语。his son是动词cited的宾语,后面的a teacher in the Bronx, New York是his son的同位语,句尾的who uses rap to communicate with students是一个非限定性定语从句,用来修饰his son。注意句中的ills, ill作“问题;灾难;祸害”讲时常用复数。cite意为“引用,引证”。
It's no use citing the Bible to a non-Christian.
对非基督徒引用《圣经》是没用的。
【考点归纳】assert、affirm、allege和claim都有“宣称,断言”的意思。
* assert常指某人出于自信而坚持己见,有时不顾客观事实而断然下结论。
You should assert yourself as the captain of this team.你应该显示自己身为队长的权威。
* affirm指以事实为依据,深信不疑地肯定某种观点或看法,具有无可争辩之意。
He affirmed his loyalty to his country.
他郑重声明他忠于自己的国家。
* allege指在没有真凭实据的情况下宣称、硬说。
The newspapers alleged that the police shot the suspect without warning.
报纸声称警方没有发出警告就开枪射杀了那名嫌犯。
* claim也有声称、主张某事物为真的意思,虽然其真实性未必得到证实。
They claim to have discovered the cure for the disease, but this has not yet been proved.
他们声称已经找到了治愈那种疾病的方法,但此事尚未得到证实。
95.Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing”or“a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.
【译文】很多用来描述金融政策的词,例如“引导经济软着陆”或“轻踩经济刹车”,使其听起来像是一门精确的科学。而事实远非如此。
【点睛】第一个句子的主干为Much of the language..., makes it sound like...。Much of the language是主语,分词短语used to describe monetary policy作后置定语修饰language。such as后跟的“steering the economy to a soft landing”or“a touch on the brakes”是前面language的同位语,对其进行列举说明。本句理解的难点为:nothing could be further from the truth,其字面意思是“没有什么比这更远离事实了”,实际的意思是“事情并非如此”,对前文的陈述表示强烈的反对。
96.Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.
【译文】因此就有了将执行货币政策比作是驾驶一辆装有黑色挡风玻璃、后视镜破碎且方向盘失灵的汽车的类比。
【点睛】根据句首的副词hence“因此,所以”可知:本句是对前文陈述的原因的承接。但是要注意此句没有谓语动词,hence后面只是一个名词性短语,中心词是the analogy,后面that引导定语从句,修饰前面的analogy。with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview and a faulty steering wheel是介词短语,修饰前面的名词car。
注意:hence可以连接一个完整的句子,也可以只跟一个名词。
Baby found a pot of paint, hence all the marks on the wall。婴儿发现一罐油漆,因此弄得满墙漆。
【考点归纳】语言表达除了要准确、清晰,最好还要生动、形象。修辞中的“比喻”,就可以帮助我们做到这一点。比喻,也就是从两个或两个以上的事物中取其相同或相似之处进行比较,从而使叙述更生动形象、更易于理解。本句中的liken就有“把…比作,把…比拟为”的意思。注意区别liken和compare to“把…比作…”的用法。
* liken常用于被动语态,固定用法为liken sth. to sth.。
Life can be likened to a journey with an unknown destination.
可以把生活比作一次不知目的地的旅行。
* compare to表示“比喻为…,比拟”,用于指出两者之间的关系或相似性。
Poets have compared death to sleep.
诗人将死亡比作睡眠。
97.This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.
【译文】这不是昙花一现。在过去几年里,英国和美国的通货膨胀率始终低于预期水平。
【点睛】本句是一个并列句。在前一分句中,no相当于not a。在后一个分句中,inflation是主语,lower是表语,than expected, in Britain and America以及前面的over the past couple of years都是介词短语作状语。
【考点归纳】英语中,一些由几个熟悉的单词构成的短语,其整体意思与单词本身的意思大相径庭,这就是习语。我们不能简单地从字面理解习语的意思,只有在学习的过程中慢慢体会,勤加记忆。
本句中的a flash in the pan就是一个习语,指“昙花一现的人或事”。
Many people believe that the young singer is a flash in the pan.
许多人认为那位年轻歌手红不了多久。
类似的习语还有很多:
green with envy 十分嫉妒
babe in the woods 初出茅庐的人
straw that broke the camel's back 致命的一击
a needle in a haystack 海底捞针
Don't count your chickens.别打如意算盘。
dog-eat-dog world 竞争激烈、弱肉强食的世界
fit as a fiddle 身体好
sandwich generation
既要赡养老人又要抚养下一代的人
foot the bill 付账
backseat driver 爱指手画脚,警告批评别人的人
under the weather 身体感到不适
98.The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
【译文】不幸的是,这一最令人振奋的解释有一点缺陷。一些经济学家认为世界经济结构的强有力的变化已经推翻了那个历史上以经济增长和通货膨胀的关联为基础的旧经济模式。
【点睛】第一个句子的主干为一个简单的主系表结构...explanation is...a little defective。副词unfortunately是插入语。第二个句子的主干是...economists argue that..., that后面跟有宾语从句。这个宾语从句的基本结构为structural changes...have upended...models...,其中structural changes是主语,have upended是谓语,models是宾语,其后是一个that引导的限定性定语从句。
本句中的thrilling是分词形容词,thrilling有“毛骨悚然的,惊心动魄的;令人兴奋的”的意思,联系上下文可知在本句中意为“令人兴奋的”。
To me the pageant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips. (by Helen Keller)
对我来说四季壮观而华丽的展示是一部令人激动的、无穷尽的戏剧。这部戏剧的表演,通过我的手指尖端流淌出来。(海伦·凯勒)
【考点归纳】英语中有一类形容词比较特殊,它们带有-ing或-ed结尾,这些形容词叫做分词形容词。下面将着重介绍-ing结尾的分词形容词的用法。
* 有一些描述某事物如何对某人产生影响的-ing分词,具有形容词的特征,既可作定语也可作表语,可以被very, rather, quite, extremely, really, pretty, awfully, terribly等表示程度的副词修饰,有比较等级。
The young fellow looked charming in his sleep.
这个年轻人睡觉时非常可爱。
It sounds pretty interesting.
这听起来真有意思。
The situation was more puzzling than ever.
形势比以往更加扑朔迷离。
Of the three books this one is the most interesting.
三本书当中,这本最有趣。
We found this affair very puzzling.
我们发现这件事令人费解。
可以这样用的还有:
alarming
amazing
amusing
annoying
astonishing
boring
charming
compelling
confusing
convincing
depressing
disappointing
disgusting
disturbing
相关话题/英语
2018考研英语经典必背500句1
前言 Preface 用句子记单词,用句子学语法,用句子提高阅读速度和口头、书面的表达能力。通过学习经典地道的英文句子,全方位提高考生的英文水平,这应该算是学习英语最有效率的途径之一,这也是本套丛书的出版宗旨。 这本《考研英语经典必背500句》中,句子的选取均基于对历年考研真题地毯式的透彻研究 ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25(2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(基础版)4
Unit 77 Few ideas in education are more controversial than vouchersletting parents choose to educate their children wherever they wish at the taxpayer&s expense.The principle is compellingly simple.The state pays; parents choose; schools compete; standards rise; everybody gains.Simpl ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25(2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(基础版)3
Unit 59 Whether you are a gorilla,a four-year-old child,a politician or an Olympic athlete,the signs of victory are obvious for all to see: the chest inflates,the head is thrown back and the victor displays a strutting and confident air.Shame at being defeated is equally recognizable: the ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25(2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(基础版)2
Unit 33 Muffin Man has more than 2,000 songs on his hard drive,and he&s happy to share them.He&s a big fan of bands like Pearl Jam and the White Stripes,so there&s plenty of hard rock in his collection. But chances are youll never get to it.The 21-year-old pizza cook,who asked ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25(2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(基础版)1
新东方考研英语培训教材 (2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇 (基础版) 印建坤 编著 群言出版社 前言 PREFACE 考研英语阅读的复习方法 考研英语阅读难吗?难!!! 真的难吗?其实也不难。 有人会说,难者 ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25(2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)5
Unit 22 TEXT ONE Although it symbolises a bright idea, the traditional incandescent light bulb is a dud. It wastes huge amounts of electricity, radiating 95% of the energy it consumes as heat rather than light. Its life is also relatively short, culminating in a dull pop as its filament fr ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25(2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)4
Unit 16 TEXT ONE As the oil price climbed towards $100 a barrel during the past few weeks, big Western oil firms were reporting their results for the third quarter. Record oil prices, it turns out, do not translate into record profits. Oil is now close to exceeding the record set in 1979 o ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25(2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)3
Unit 11 TEXT ONE WHANGBoomBoomcast delicacy to the winds. Thus Ezra Pound in a letter to his father, urging the old man to help promote his first published collection. It might have been the poet&s manifesto. Pound is as divisive a figure today as he ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25(2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)2
Unit 6 TEXT ONE After a brutal election cycle peppered with sexist attacks, a historic slate of women will serve in the 113th Congress. Allison Yarrow on how the winners& response to sexism brought them victory at the polls. Remember 2008? The race when Tucker Carlson said he involunta ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25(2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)1
目录 前言 写给考研阅读理解想考高分的人 Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10 Unit 11 Unit 12 Unit 13 Unit 14 Unit 15 Unit 16 Unit 17 Unit 18 Unit 19 Unit 20 Unit 21 Unit 22 Unit 23 Unit 24 ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-252019考研英语作文经典话题及素材整理(20个)
2019考研英语作文经典话题及素材整理(20个) 序号 2019考研英语作文经典话题及素材 考研万题库 1 英语作文经典话题及素材之教育 考研万题库 2 英语作文 ...英语作文 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-242019考研30天抢分计划:英语突破提高备战法(图文)
英语作为考研当中重要的组成部分,研究生的英语能力更是备受导师关注,绝大部分学校复试过程中也都有对英语能力的考察,所以说一个好的英语成绩不仅能够对初试分数起到拉动作用,也能给导师们留下更好的印象。而时间只剩30天,其实英语很难有突破了,那么在短短的一个月内如何突破英语呢?一起看看吧。 一、复习方 ...英语指导 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-232019考研英语作文:盘点图表作文的描述重点
(一) 表格:table 1. 极值 1)Female literacy rate is the highest in Singapore. (注意,用highest 而不是most) 2)Sri Lanka has the lowest proportion of women workforce. (注意,用lowest而不是most) 3)Food is the biggest item of expenditure for an average Australian family. 2. 排序 1)E ...英语指导 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-232019考研英语大作文过渡句的使用
在考研英语作文中,适当应用过渡句不仅可以从内容上可以提高文章的文采,而且可以在形式上使文章更流畅简洁。老师总结一些常见的考研英语写作过渡句,供2016考研的考生在2016考研英语作文中适当参考。 句1:用于分析原因,提出意见或建议。 To prevent this phenomenon/trend from worsening/running wide/To gu ...英语指导 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-23【19考研英语】英语一写作强化(视频)
...考试视频 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-23