2018考研英语经典必背500句2(9)
本站小编 免费考研网/2018-11-25
【考点归纳】本句中的case有“情况,事实”之意。
Is it the case that you have lost all your money?
你的钱全都损失了,是真的吗?
与case有关的短语还有:in that/this case, in case, in case of, in the case of, in any case, in no case。请注意它们的区别。
* in that/this case意为“如果那样/这样(的话);那种/这种情况下”。注意,两者在含义上没有太大区别,但是,in this case通常用在已经发生的情况下,表示“既然如此的话”;而in that case通常是假设的情况,有“如果那样的话”的意思。
He may not be back at six. In this case we won't wait for him.
他可能六点钟回不来。要是这样我们就不等他了。
* in case意为“假如,万一;以防,免得”,作连词引导条件状语从句,也就是说,in case后面是一个完整的句子。
In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait.万一我回来前他先到了,请让他等我。
注意,in case引出的条件从句所表示的意义是“预防某种情况的出现”。如果从句说的是一般的假设或条件,则要用if。
I'll tell him about the matter if I meet him.
如果我见到他,会告诉他的。(不用in case)
Take an umbrella in case it rains.
拿把伞以防下雨。(不用if)
当上下文意义很明确时,可省去in case后从句的内容。
I don't think it will rain, but I'll take an umbrella in case (it rains).
我认为不会下雨,但我还是要拿把伞以防万一。
* in case of意为“如果;万一”。其含义和in case差不多,都有“万一”的意思,可以替换。只是这里的of是介词,后面要接名词、代词或动名词,而不能接句子。
We have an auxiliary generator in case of power cuts.我们有一台备用发电机,万一断电就用它。
* in the case of意为“就…而言;关于”。注意,它的含义跟in case和in case of不同,一般在说话的过程中用来转而提及另一件事情。
In the case of his health, it is fortunate for him to have recovered from his illness like this.就他的健康状况而言,能恢复到这样算是幸运的了。
* in any case意为“无论如何”,相当于anyhow,其位置灵活,可置于句首、句中及句尾。
In any case, parents should make clear what, if anything, the child is expected to pay for with the money.
无论如何,父母应该清楚知道,如果有可能,孩子会用钱买什么。
* in no case意为“绝不”,置于句首时,须用倒装语序。
In no case shall we allow smoking in the classroom.教室里绝不允许吸烟。
122.Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes.
【译文】幸运的是,假如门垫或炉灶没有给出危险警示,你可能会赢得一场官司从而获得赔偿。这种想法形成于20世纪80年代初期,当时陪审团开始让更多的公司对其顾客所遭受的不幸负责。
【点睛】在第一个句子中,其主句的主干为a...lawsuit might compensate you..., for your troubles表示获得赔偿的原因。if引导的是条件状语从句,说明索赔的条件。在第二个句子中,主干为so the thinking has gone, since the early 1980s作时间状语,逗号后是when引导的时间状语从句。
注意,or so the thinking has gone不是倒装结构,而是为了表强调的前置,该句可以变为:or the thinking has gone so(或者说人们是这么想的), or在这里相当于in other word/put another way,是作者换了种方式把已经说过的话重新说了一遍,而so用来指代上一句话的意思。这里or so不可理解为“大约,大概”,如果这样的话,句子就变成The thinking has gone since the early 1980s or so,这样的话,它和之前英文表达的含义就相反了。liable意为“有责任的,有义务的”,be liable for sth.意为“应对…负责”,to hold sb. liable for sth.意为“某人应对某事负责”,类似的表达还有to hold sb. responsible for sth.。
I will hold you liable for any damage.
如有损坏,我拿你是问。
【考点归纳】区别表示强调的前置和倒装。
* 前置
英语表达强调效果可以使用特定词汇,如:助动词do、副词、两个否定意义的词;也可使用特定句型,如强调句型;还可以通过调整语序以实现这一目的。有时,为了强调句中的某些成分,我们使用“前置”这一修辞手段。比如,将本应该出现在主语和动词之后的宾语或补语前移至句首,使它们的位置突出,从而达到强调的目的。注意:
1)前置不同于倒装句,不需要将动词提前。
What a man can be, I must be.
人所能做到的,我一定能做到。(强调表语What a man can be)
I must be what a man can be. (正常语序)
2)注意so he is这一句型。在前后两个句子里,如果后一个句子只是表示对前面的句子内容的同意或肯定,则使用这一句型。这不属于倒装句,所以不能将谓语动词提前。
He is a good student, so he is.
他是个好学生,他的确是。(so只是用来指代上一句话的意思。)
* 倒装
倒装是一种语法手段,用以强调句子的某一结构或某一成分。倒装分为两种:一种是完全倒装,即将主语和谓语的位置完全颠倒过来;另一种是部分倒装,也叫半倒装,即只将情态动词、助动词前移至主语之前。
1)There is a remedy for all things but death.
除了死亡之外,一切事情都有补救的方法。(there be句型是完全倒装)
In books embalmed the greatest thoughts of all ages.
古今伟大思想均永载于书籍之中。(方位状语开头的句子用完全倒装)
“A man can be destroyed but not defeated,” wrote Ernest Hemingway.
“一个人可以被毁灭,却不能被打败,”欧内斯特·海明威写道。(直接引语在前的句子用完全倒装)
2)Only by knowing yourself can you hope to become an effective leader.
只有通过了解自己才有希望成为一位优秀的领导者。(“only by+状语”位于句首,构成部分倒装)
To no one will we refuse justice.
我们应公正地对待所有人。(否定意义的状语开头的句子使用部分倒装)
3)由so引导的倒装句。在前后两句中,当前一句为肯定表达,而后一句表达的情况和前一句相同时,用so开头,并用do(does, did)代替实义动词。注意,这样的句子和前面讲到的前置是不一样的,因为根据倒装的定义可知,倒装结构的特点是将主语和谓语的位置颠倒。
God love you. So do we.
上帝爱你,我们也爱你。
123.While warnings are often appropriate and necessary—the dangers of drug interactions, for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.
【译文】虽然警示语常常是合理而必要的——比如对于药物间相互作用的危险提出的警告——很多警示语还是按照州或联邦政府法规的要求而添加的,然而我们并不清楚,如果消费者受到伤害时,这些警示语是否真能豁免制造商和销售商的责任。
【点睛】本句是个复合句,主干为it isn't clear that...,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语为that引导的从句,而that从句之后是一个由if引导的条件状语从句。句首是由while引导的让步状语从句,其中包括两个由and连接的并列分句。破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容,and后面的many省略了warnings, state与federal共用regulations。interaction意为“相互作用”,drug interaction则为“不同药品同时服下产生的相互作用”,这种作用有时是不良的。
124.As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything.
【译文】尽管个人伤害的索赔一如既往地继续着,但有些法庭开始支持被告一方,特别是在处理那些有警示语也无济于事的案件时。
【点睛】本句是个复合句,主干为some courts are beginning to side with defendants。especially in cases作状语,cases后面跟了一个where引导的定语从句修饰cases。句首是一个由as引导的伴随状语从句as personal injury claims continue as before, claims在这里是个名词。side with意为“与(某人)站在同一边,和(某人)持同样的见解”。
Frank sided with David in the argument.
弗兰克在争论中站在戴维一边。
side against则意为“与(某人)不站在同一边,和(某人)持有不同的见解”。side还可作名词,意思是“…边”,表示立场。
Whose side are you on anyway?
你到底站在哪一边?
125.At the same time, the American Law Institute—a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.
【译文】与此同时,美国法学会——该学会由一群法官、律师和学者组成,他们的建议举足轻重——颁布了新的民事侵权法纲要,指出公司不需要警示顾客留意那些显而易见的危险,或者给顾客列出有关可能出现的危险的冗长清单。
【点睛】本句是个复杂长句,包括定语从句、宾语从句以及分隔结构。该句主干为the American Law Institute...issued...guidelines...。两个破折号之间的部分是主语的同位语,对美国法学会的人员组成进行了进一步的说明,其中包括一个由whose引导的定语从句,说明这些成员的作用。stating that...是现在分词结构作后置定语,解释了宾语new guidelines for tort law的内容,在这个长的分词结构中还包含了一个由that引导的宾语从句。weight指“分量”,carry weight意为“有分量,有重量”。bombard...with意为“(以连珠炮似的问题)攻击某人”。
126.If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.
【译文】如果法律界的温和派占上风,产品的警示信息也许确实只是为了照顾顾客的利益,而不是充当免除法律责任的保护性措施。
【点睛】本句是个复合句,主句的主干为...the information might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability。主句部分的谓语用了被动形式,谓语动词provide for有两个宾语,而not决定了两者的取舍关系——取前者,舍后者。句首是一个由if引导的条件状语从句。end在口语中意为“部分;方面”。to have one's way意为“得逞;占上风”。
I will never allow him to have his way.
我决不会让他得逞。
127.Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company's private intranet.
【译文】有些公司为了限制这种风险,只与固定的业务伙伴进行在线交易,并且允许这些伙伴进入公司的专用局域网。
【点睛】本句的主干为Some companies are limiting the risk, by引导的成分作方式状语。在状语结构中还含有定语从句who are given access to the company's private intranet,说明了partners所享有的权限。注意,intranet指“公司专用局域网”,而internet指“国际互联网”。to give access to指“访问”。
【考点归纳】与access相关的常用表达:
a man of easy access 易于接近的人,平易近人的人
be easy (hard, difficult) of access 容易(难)接近
have (gain, get, obtain) access to
得接近;得会见;得进入;得使用
The only access to the town is across the bridge.
到镇上唯一的通路是经过一座桥。
Citizens may have free access to the library.
市民可以自由使用图书馆。
128.Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request.
【译文】网上文化推崇这样一种理念,即在你提出具体的要求之后,信息才会出现在屏幕上。
【点睛】本句是个复合句,句子的主干为Online culture thinks highly of the notion...,其后为that引导的同位语从句,解释的是notion的具体内容。同位语从句的主干为the information...comes there...,其中现在分词短语flowing onto the screen作后置定语,修饰the information,句尾的by specific request作状语,修饰同位语从句的谓语。think highly of意为“高度评价,赞扬”。
It would be natural for narcissists to gravitate toward the spotlight, where other people will also think highly of them.
自恋者总是喜欢被聚光灯包围,这很正常,而且在聚光灯下时,别人也会觉得他们了不起。
notion指“概念;想法;见解”,侧重指怪念头,在不可靠的基础上对某事形成的不完全、不彻底、不清楚的思想或意见。
I have no notion of what it means.
我不知道这意味着什么。
have a good notion of意为“很懂得”,have a notion that...意为“认为”,have no notion of意为“不明白;完全不懂”。
【考点归纳】注意区分idea、thought、notion、concept及conception的含义和用法。
* idea意为“主意,想法”,词意最为广泛,可指在日常生活中或在学术领域中理解、推理、幻想所产生的念头。
Don't get any ideas about revenge.
不要想着报仇。
* thought意为“想法,见解;思考,思维”,特别指经过明显的智力活动,通过思考、推理对事物所得出的全面系统的看法,不是凭想象所得出的结论,与单纯的观察、感觉或愿望不同。
She's trying to collect her thoughts quietly.
她正在静悄悄地努力集中自己的思想。
I have no thought of going to Europe.
我不想去欧洲。
Language is the dress of thought.
语言是思想的外衣。
* notion指在没有可靠的基础上对某事形成的不完全、不彻底、不清楚的思想或意见,甚至是模糊的、笼统的、荒谬的想法。
She certainly has some notion of drawing.
她当然对绘画有些了解。
* concept和conception意为“大范围内的成形的思想”。
He seems to have absolutely no concept of time.
他看起来根本没有时间观念。
Every succeeding scientific discovery makes greater nonsense of old-time conceptions of sovereignty.
随后的每一个科学发现都使以前权威的传统观念变得更为一文不值。
129.The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.
【译文】像虚拟葡萄园和亚马逊这样的先驱网站表明:一个销售对路商品的网站,如果将互动性、热情服务和安全性适当结合起来,将会吸引网上客户。
【点睛】本句的主干为The examples...show+ that引导的宾语从句。该句主语examples后的of短语作定语,说明examples的内容。宾语从句的主干为a Web site...will attract online customers,现在分词短语selling the right...security作后置定语,修饰a Web site。
hospitality意为“好客;款待”;security指“安全”,还指“担保;担保人;保障;保险;有价证券”,如:social security“社会保障或社会保险”,credit security“信用保证”。注意,Virtual Vineyards和Amazon.com都是网站,前者是一个葡萄酒的网站,而后者是世界最大的网上书店。
130.An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.
【译文】对于计算机课堂教学,人们在观点上存在着一条无形的界线:有人认为应从学生的就业前景来考虑这一问题,另一些人认为应从推行基础教育改革方面更加全面地考虑计算机进入教室这一问题。
【点睛】本句是个简单句,谓语动词divides后面跟着两个作宾语的those, arguing引导现在分词短语作定语,修饰those。career prospects此处意为“就业前景”。radical在本句中意为“基本的”,作名词也可指“激进分子”。
131.It gives a basis to all organisations which seek to promote the learning and use of English, a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment.
【译文】
这为所有试图推广英语学习和使用的组织机构提供了依据,据此它们可以做出规划,来应对在未来截然不同的运作环境里可能出现的状况。
【点睛】本句的主干是It gives a basis to..., a basis...,其中后面的同位语a basis和前面的a basis重复使用,起强调作用。关系代词which引导定语从句which seek to promote the learning and use of English,修饰前面的名词短语all organisations。the possibilities of...意为“…的可能性”,其中介词of后接的是由what引导的宾语从句。
132.Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.
【译文】相反,我们对美国公民有个特定的观念,即如果他不能恰当地评定自己的生计和幸福如何受到外界的影响,那么其公民特征就是不完整的。
【点睛】本句的主干为we have a...conception..., a character是the American citizen的同位语,其后是由who引导的定语从句。该定语从句是一个复合句,其中包含了一个if引导的条件状语从句,该状语从句中的谓语动词assess后面是一个由how引导的宾语从句。assess意为“评定;估定(财产的)价值”。livelihood意为“生活;生计”。
133.Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
【译文】另外,在像我们这样的大国里,经济延展到这么多的州、涉及这么多的国际公司,因而要按照所需数量培养出各类专业人员是不大可能的。
【点睛】本句的主干为... this is unlikely to...。不定式短语中动词produce的宾语是the needed number, of every kind of professional则作后置定语用来限定the number。in a country是地点状语。短语as large as ours和where引导的定语从句都用来修饰country。
134.But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.
【译文】但是对少数学生来说,职业培训也许是条可取之路,因为在其他因素相同的情况下,技能的娴熟程度是能否得到工作的关键。
【点睛】本句是个复合句,主句的主干为...training might be the way...。介词短语for a small group of students表明所指的对象。主句之后是由since引导的原因状语从句,该从句的主干为...skills...can be the difference...between...and...。all other factors being equal是一个独立主格结构,在句中作条件状语。句尾的not是not having a job的省略形式。
【考点归纳】独立主格结构是由名词/代词+分词/分词短语构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子,而不是一个词或短语。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词(短语)构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,且位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。
* 需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
1)Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.黑夜笼罩大地,谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。(逗号前为独立主格)
2)He lay at full length upon his stomach, his head resting upon his left forearm.他的脊背朝天,四肢伸展,头枕着左臂,直挺挺地趴伏着。
3)The coward was backing, his face being deathly pale, toward another room.那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去,脸色煞白。
* 独立主格结构多用于书面语,尤其是描述性语言中,在口语和非正式文体中,一般用从句或两个句子来代替。例如,上述例句可变为:
1)Because night enshrouded the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.
2)He lay at full length upon his stomach. His head rested upon his left forearm.
3)The coward was backing toward another room. His face was deathly pale.
* 独立主格结构在句中一般作状语,表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。
1)作时间状语
相关话题/英语
2018考研英语经典必背500句1
前言 Preface 用句子记单词,用句子学语法,用句子提高阅读速度和口头、书面的表达能力。通过学习经典地道的英文句子,全方位提高考生的英文水平,这应该算是学习英语最有效率的途径之一,这也是本套丛书的出版宗旨。 这本《考研英语经典必背500句》中,句子的选取均基于对历年考研真题地毯式的透彻研究 ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25(2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(基础版)4
Unit 77 Few ideas in education are more controversial than vouchersletting parents choose to educate their children wherever they wish at the taxpayer&s expense.The principle is compellingly simple.The state pays; parents choose; schools compete; standards rise; everybody gains.Simpl ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25(2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(基础版)3
Unit 59 Whether you are a gorilla,a four-year-old child,a politician or an Olympic athlete,the signs of victory are obvious for all to see: the chest inflates,the head is thrown back and the victor displays a strutting and confident air.Shame at being defeated is equally recognizable: the ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25(2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(基础版)2
Unit 33 Muffin Man has more than 2,000 songs on his hard drive,and he&s happy to share them.He&s a big fan of bands like Pearl Jam and the White Stripes,so there&s plenty of hard rock in his collection. But chances are youll never get to it.The 21-year-old pizza cook,who asked ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25(2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(基础版)1
新东方考研英语培训教材 (2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇 (基础版) 印建坤 编著 群言出版社 前言 PREFACE 考研英语阅读的复习方法 考研英语阅读难吗?难!!! 真的难吗?其实也不难。 有人会说,难者 ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25(2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)5
Unit 22 TEXT ONE Although it symbolises a bright idea, the traditional incandescent light bulb is a dud. It wastes huge amounts of electricity, radiating 95% of the energy it consumes as heat rather than light. Its life is also relatively short, culminating in a dull pop as its filament fr ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25(2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)4
Unit 16 TEXT ONE As the oil price climbed towards $100 a barrel during the past few weeks, big Western oil firms were reporting their results for the third quarter. Record oil prices, it turns out, do not translate into record profits. Oil is now close to exceeding the record set in 1979 o ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25(2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)3
Unit 11 TEXT ONE WHANGBoomBoomcast delicacy to the winds. Thus Ezra Pound in a letter to his father, urging the old man to help promote his first published collection. It might have been the poet&s manifesto. Pound is as divisive a figure today as he ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25(2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)2
Unit 6 TEXT ONE After a brutal election cycle peppered with sexist attacks, a historic slate of women will serve in the 113th Congress. Allison Yarrow on how the winners& response to sexism brought them victory at the polls. Remember 2008? The race when Tucker Carlson said he involunta ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-25(2018)考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)1
目录 前言 写给考研阅读理解想考高分的人 Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10 Unit 11 Unit 12 Unit 13 Unit 14 Unit 15 Unit 16 Unit 17 Unit 18 Unit 19 Unit 20 Unit 21 Unit 22 Unit 23 Unit 24 ...英语资料 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-252019考研英语作文经典话题及素材整理(20个)
2019考研英语作文经典话题及素材整理(20个) 序号 2019考研英语作文经典话题及素材 考研万题库 1 英语作文经典话题及素材之教育 考研万题库 2 英语作文 ...英语作文 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-242019考研30天抢分计划:英语突破提高备战法(图文)
英语作为考研当中重要的组成部分,研究生的英语能力更是备受导师关注,绝大部分学校复试过程中也都有对英语能力的考察,所以说一个好的英语成绩不仅能够对初试分数起到拉动作用,也能给导师们留下更好的印象。而时间只剩30天,其实英语很难有突破了,那么在短短的一个月内如何突破英语呢?一起看看吧。 一、复习方 ...英语指导 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-232019考研英语作文:盘点图表作文的描述重点
(一) 表格:table 1. 极值 1)Female literacy rate is the highest in Singapore. (注意,用highest 而不是most) 2)Sri Lanka has the lowest proportion of women workforce. (注意,用lowest而不是most) 3)Food is the biggest item of expenditure for an average Australian family. 2. 排序 1)E ...英语指导 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-232019考研英语大作文过渡句的使用
在考研英语作文中,适当应用过渡句不仅可以从内容上可以提高文章的文采,而且可以在形式上使文章更流畅简洁。老师总结一些常见的考研英语写作过渡句,供2016考研的考生在2016考研英语作文中适当参考。 句1:用于分析原因,提出意见或建议。 To prevent this phenomenon/trend from worsening/running wide/To gu ...英语指导 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-23【19考研英语】英语一写作强化(视频)
...考试视频 本站小编 免费考研网 2018-11-23