2020考研英语完形填空精讲精练 第10集(7)

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49. A. manifested 表现,证明

B. approved 赞成,批准

C. shown 显示;说明

D. speculated 思索

[命题角度]动词辨析

[难度等级]★★

[解题思路]

1)下文有两点说明,一是1650年到1750年以贫困(greatpoverty)为显著特征,二是工业革命非但没有加重这种贫困,实际上反而使绝大多数人的生活得到了改善。其中,第一是客观事实,第二是一种观点。由上文可知,历史和经济学专家是为了说明“大部分历史学家对工业革命持批判态度的观点是错误的”。show通常用来指把具体事物、事实摆在人们面前让大家看清楚。在本文中have shown two things意为“已经说明了两件事”,符合文意,为正确选项。

2)manifest意为“证明”,由于文中并未论述专家如何证明这两件事情,而只是把这些专家的观点和历史学家的观点作了比较,故排除A项。

3)approve一般指“赞成,批准”,显然我们不能说专家赞成“显著的贫困”这个事实。

4)speculate是一个不及物动词一,般与on搭配。如:I have been speculating on my future. 我一直在思索我的未来。

50. A. noted 注意;记录

B. impressed 给……留下印象

C. labeled 视为

D. marked 具有……的特征

[命题角度]被动形式

[难度等级]★

[解题思路]

1)本题要求填入一个动词的过去分词与其前后的period和by greatpoverty搭配,由上下文语意可知great poverty是the period的一个特征。D项意为“具有……的特征”,可以构成be marked by(在……留下显著的特征或是……的显著特征)这样的搭配,符合题意,为正确选项。

2)A项意为“注意;记录”,be noted by意为“受到……的注意”。

3)B项意为“给……留下印象”,其搭配是be impressed by/at/with,主语是人,不能与period搭配。

4)C项意为“视为”,其搭配为be labeled as。

译文

时至今日,多数历史学家对工业革命仍持强烈的批判态度。他们承认,从长远来看,工业化大大地提高了普通老百姓的生活水平。但是,他们坚持认为,从1750年到1850年这一时期工业化给大部分英国人带来的直接后果是普遍的贫困和不幸。比较而言,历史学家们认为上一百年即1650年到1750年是一个非常繁荣和富足的时期,而那时的英国还完全是一个农业国。

然而,人们通常认为这种观点是错误的。历史和经济学专家已说明两件事情:一是1650至1750年间以显著的贫困为特征;二是工业革命一定不但没有加重这种贫困,可能实际上反而使绝大多数人的生活得到了改善。





七、1999年完形填空


Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies  41  low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them  42  and active. When the work is well done, a  43  of accident-free operations is established  44  time lost due to in juries is kept at a minimum.

Successful safety programs may  45  greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by  46  rules or regulations. 47  others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.

There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety  48 .The fewer the injury  49 , the better the workman's insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at  50  or at a loss.

41. A. at

B. in

C. on

D. with

42. A. alive

B. vivid

C. mobile

D. diverse

43. A. regulation

B. climate

C. circumstance

D. requirement

44. A. where

B. how

C. what

D. unless

45. A. alter

B. differ

C. shift

D. distinguish

46. A. constituting

B. aggravating

C. observing

D. justifying

47. A. Some

B. Many

C. Even

D. Still

48. A. comes off

B. turns up

C. pays off

D. holds up

49. A. claims

B. reports

C. declarations

D. proclamations

50. A. an advantage

B. a benefit

C. an interest

D. a profit


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