这幅漫画旨在告诉我们，当人们面临非此即彼的选择时，一些人被困难吓倒并走捷径，另一些人却将困难看作磨炼意志的绝佳机会。

20）2019英语（一）：

The intention of the portrayal is to show us that utmost significance must be attached to persistence and perseverance.

这幅漫画的目的是想告诉我们：我们必须充分重视坚持不懈（精神）。

2. Argument论证： 3句。考生最常见的问题就是只有论点，没有论据。牢记：每个观点后面都应有原因、解释或例证。

1）五大角度：任何问题都可从五大角度进行论证，考试中选取任何一个角度均可。

① Background背景：考研大作文都是一个问题，任何问题都不是凭空出现的，都有其政治、经济、文化和社会背景。

A. 2006年

A）With globalization, idol worship is extremely popular among the adolescents.

随着全球化的发展，偶像崇拜在青少年中非常流行。

B）With the speedy social and economic development, youngsters in mounting numbers admire the celebrities.

随着社会和经济的迅速发展，越来越多的年轻人崇拜名人。

C）With the reform and opening-up in recent decades in China, young people in expanding numbers adore superstars.

随着中国近几十年来的改革开放，越来越多的年轻人崇拜明星。

B. 2007：This photo does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is not uncommon in China now. The young always give up because the problem is beyond their ability to cope with. （19分作文）

这幅图画确实反映了一个目前在中国很普遍的、发人深省的社会现象。由于问题超出他们的解决能力，年轻人总是容易放弃。

C. 2008：Simple as it is, what the picture conveys to us is thought-provoking. With the development of economy and society, competition is increasingly fierce.

尽管这幅图画很简单，但它向我们传达了发人深思的含义。随着经济和社会的发展，竞争日渐激烈。

D. 2010：The purpose of the cartoonist is to show us that instead of being considered outdated and of little value in a rapidly modernizing world, cultural blending should be encouraged and maintained.

画家的目的是告诉我们，在迅速现代化的世界里，文化融合并未被认为过时或失去价值，相反还应受到鼓励和保护。

E. 2015：Like the Internet, mobile phones have brought a lot of convenience to our lives.

和网络一样，手机给我们的生活带来了巨大的便利。

② Facts事实：普遍公认的社会现象，如很多大学生、中学生崇拜歌星、影星、体育明星等各种偶像，超女“粉丝”、哈韩、哈日族比比皆是，等等。

There is no denying the fact that a great many fans worship pop singers, film and sports stars.

不可否认，很多“粉丝”崇拜流行歌手、影星、体育明星。

③ Others’ opinions反方观点：任何一个问题都包含正反两方面观点，你的观点即正方观点，与你对立的为反方观点。英文写作讲究欲扬先抑、欲进则退，在提出正方观点之前，可以先提出反方观点，并进行驳斥。

A. 2001: When we use the word “love”, we do not simply mean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex, which is a very narrow definition of the word.

当我们使用“爱”这个词时，我们不仅仅指对异性的吸引，这是对这个词非常狭隘的解释。

B. 2002: What the picture conveys goes far beyond a new fashion trend. In fact, it carries cultural meanings.

这幅图画所表达的内涵远不只是一种新的时尚潮流。事实上，它具有文化内涵。

C. 2003: To begin with, the purpose of the drawings is to show us that the flower growing in the green house cannot withstand the test of the storm. Yet the symbolic meanings subtly conveyed should be taken more seriously.

首先，这两幅图的目的是要告诉我们“温室里的花朵经不起风雨”，而其微妙传达出的象征意义更应受到重视。

D. 2004: Once a person stops making progress, he can hardly maintain his past glory and survive in this competitive world.

一旦一个人停止进步，他很难保持过去的荣耀并在这个充满竞争的世界中生存下去。

④ Reasons原因

2004: Owing to the quickening pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life, stimulating everyone to pursue one goal after another.

由于生活节奏的加快，各行各业的竞争变得日益激烈，激励着每一个人追求一个又一个目标。

2014: For one thing, we have inherited this world from our parents and grandparents. For another, the senior citizens have worked hard to provide for their families, for our society and for younger generations.

首先，我们从父母和祖父母那里继承了这个世界。此外，老年人努力工作来养活他们的家庭、养活整个社会以及年轻一代。

⑤ Consequence结果：任何问题都有结果，结果一般有利有弊。

A. 2002: Since the trend of globalization has become irresistible, cultural communication can effectively improve mutual understanding and friendship.

由于全球化潮流不可阻挡，因此文化交流可以有效地增进相互的理解和友谊。

B. 2003: Once the young people who have been doted on begin to seek independence and accept challenges from the real world, they are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties.

年轻人已经被父母惯坏，一旦开始在现实世界中寻求独立并接受挑战，他们很难坚强地面对困难。

C. 2013：Students who make the wrong choice could be faced with gloomy career prospects, or end up wasting their time and money.

错误的决定会让学生面临绝望的职业前景，或是浪费自己的时间和金钱。

2）六种手段：英文论说文有六种常见的论证手段，最常使用的是因果、分类和举例论证。

① Cause and effect因果论证：英文写作非常讲究逻辑性，最常见的逻辑就是因果关系。一般前果后因，即结果在前，原因在后，和中文写作的前因后果正好相反。考研写作每段第一句均为主题句，即结果，后面的论证就是原因，所以每段均为因果论证。

A. 2005：First and foremost, some people shirk their duty of financially supporting their old and helpless parents due to their own interests. Furthermore, some elderly people are often ill-treated by their own children and cannot lead a normal life. Last but not least, while some young people enjoy a comfortable life, their parents are neglected and reduced to utter poverty.

首先，有些人出于自己的利益逃避赡养他们年迈无助的父母的责任。其次，有些老年人经常被他们的子女虐待，不能过正常生活。最后，当一些年轻人享受舒适生活的同时，他们的父母却被忽视，一贫如洗。

B. 2007：Firstly, it is well-known that we live in a dynamic world with various difficulties. We can do nothing but face them. Secondly, attitude is the key point to take the first step. Assuming bravery and confidence to solve the problem, you will find the question is not as “huge” as you imagine.

首先，众所周知，我们生活在一个困难众多的多元化世界中。我们除了面对，别无选择。其次，态度是迈出第一步的关键。只要有勇气和信心解决问题，你就会发现问题并没有你想的那么“严重”。

② Classification分类论证：建议考生进行分类论证，在第二段写2~3点原因或例证，第三段写两点建议，这样结构更严谨，逻辑更清晰。

③ Definition and explanation定义和解释

A. 定义：采用自问自答的设问形式，这也是英文写作常见的修辞手段。多数同学喜欢平铺直叙，故使用设问容易引起考官注意。在文中运用一两次即可，不宜过多。如2006年：

What is idol worship? Idol worship is usually the adolescents’ admiration to famous stars.

什么是偶像崇拜？偶像崇拜通常是年轻人对明星的仰慕。

B. 解释：即换个角度把上一句说一遍，仅用一次即可。如2002年：

In other words, a nation’s unique culture can become international through worldwide economic and cultural exchanges.

换言之，一个民族的独特文化可以通过全球性的经济和文化交流走向世界。

④ Statistics and facts统计和事实：大多数同学空喊口号，所以使用数字说话很有说服力，自己可以虚构一些数据，只要自圆其说、真实可信即可。如2006年：

According to the recent survey/data/figure/statistics/study by the Chinese Academy of Social Science, 70% of teenagers in China worship superstars.

根据中国社会科学院最新的调查/数据，70％的中国青少年崇拜明星。

⑤ Exemplification举例论证：举例论证是英文写作最常用的论证手段，英文写作厌恶陈词滥调，喜欢使用个人经历或具体例子进行论证，以使文章更具说服力。在考研写作历史上，2007年和2004年第三段都要求举例论证。即使提纲没有要求举例，每年第二段的意义阐释段也可以进行举例论证。

A. 2001年第二段：Take an example to illustrate the power of love. We should remember how Chinese people of all ethnicities responded to the call to help the victims of natural disasters every year. Although their incomes are low by international standards, people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can—be it money or goods—to help their needy fellow citizens. Moreover, they do this with no thought of gain for themselves.

B. 2004年第三段：A case in point is the successful launching of “Shenzhou V Spacecraft”, which sets China in a high position of aviation and space flight. Although it means a great achievement for us Chinese, we are facing new challenges in the future and need to do further research in space technology. Another illustration is closely related to us, the examinees. If we pass this test and are fortunately admitted by a university, we shall not stop making efforts. Instead, we still have to strive for success in our future academic study, employment and career.

C. 2006年第二段：Beckham represents the image of sport heroes, whose handsome appearance and unparalleled football skills are passionately adored by all the sports fans. Likewise, several teenage girls won their fame overnight in The 2005 Super Girl Contest in China, which provoked nationwide noisy debates on the value and harm of admiring these idols.

D. 2007第二段：Take us for example, the entrance exam for graduate students even seems to be a horrible monster before us. Some people give up, some persist.（19分作文）

以我们为例，研究生入学考试似乎是我们面前的一个可怕的怪物。有些人放弃了，而有些人则坚持不懈。

E. 2008第二段：Take basketball hero Yao Ming for example, he can slam-dunk smartly because all his teammates contribute more or less to his outstanding performance. Likewise, the successful launching of Chang’e No.1 lunar probe should be attributed to the Chinese scientists’ joint efforts instead of individual accomplishment.

以篮球英雄姚明为例，他能够潇洒地扣篮，是因为他的队友或多或少成就了他杰出的表现。同样，嫦娥一号探月卫星的成功发射要归功于中国科学家们的集体努力，而不是个人成就。

F. 2009年第二段：As a college student, I get online every day to discuss news with other people on BBS, to study English by registering for web courses, and to chat freely with my friends through MSN Messenger

作为一名大学生，我每天都会上网，与其他人在BBS上讨论新闻，注册网络课程来学习英语，通过MSN和我的朋友们自由地聊天。

G. 2010第三段：The history of China in the last half of the 20th century has provided a whole pack of vivid and convincing experiences, both of successes and failures, in that consideration.（19分作文）

在此方面，20世纪后半叶中国的历史提供了一系列生动可信的成功与失败的经验。

H. 2017年英语（一）第二段：Ambition is nothing without action, whereas action is perfectly possible without ambition, as is evidenced by impulsive people. Let us consider for instance Leonardo Da Vinci. In his life he created many brilliant works of art and invented many machines, such as the helicopter, that surpassed the technology of his time. If he had only been an ambitious man, he would have no doubt left us only with nice artifacts. Yet, Da Vinci was a man of action who could not sit still, so he produced a dazzling legacy of paintings and inventions.

如果不付诸行动，雄心就毫无意义；然而如果没有雄心，行动却很有可能存在，这一点可以在那些受感情驱使的人身上得以证明。以莱昂纳多•达•芬奇为例。他在一生中创造了很多杰出的艺术作品，并发明了很多超越其时代技术的机器，比如直升飞机。如果他仅仅是一个有雄心的人，那么毫无疑问，他为后人留下的只是一些美好的艺术品。但是，作为一个讲求实干而非静坐不动的人，达•芬奇为我们创造的璀璨遗产有绘画作品和科学发明。

I. 2018英语（一）第二段：For one thing, the struggle with difficulties will lead you out of the impasse to a brilliant future. For instance, in 1993, J. K. Rowling, unemployed and with clinical depression, had even planned to commit suicide in despair. Fortunately, she did not give up, and it was under such circumstances that she began to create what later became the best-selling Harry Potter series. For another, difficulties also teach people to cherish their life. But for the hardships in her life, Helen Keller wouldn’t have written the famous article Three Days to See.

首先，与困难搏斗将带你走出困境，走向光明的未来。例如，1993年J.K.罗琳处于失业状态，且患有抑郁症，在绝望中她甚至企图自杀。幸运的是，她没有放弃希望，而且正是在这种状态下她开始创作后来成为畅销书的《哈利•波特》系列。此外，困难教会人们珍惜生活。如果没有生命中的磨难，海伦•凯勒就不可能写出著名的文章《假如给我三天光明》。

⑥ Compare and contrast比较和对比：比较即比较两者的相同点，对比即对比两者的不同点。基础较好的同学可以进行正反论证。

A. 2006第三段：If we simply worship idols by imitating their hairstyle or pursuing fashions unreasonably, the obsession will certainly waste a great deal of our time and money, endangering the efficiency of our work. On the contrary, if we endeavor to improve ourselves by bridging the gap between our models and ourselves, we will lead a positive and fruitful life.

如果我们只是靠模仿偶像的发型或一味追逐时尚来追星，这种痴迷必定会浪费我们大量的时间和金钱，影响我们的工作效率。相反，如果我们努力提高自己，缩小我们和榜样之间的差距，我们就会过上一种积极和富有成效的生活。

B. 2009年第二段：On the one hand, there is no denying that the Internet is currently one of the most efficient media used for interpersonal communication. But on the other hand, a good many people admit that they are too addicted to the Internet to maintain face-to-face contact with their friends and colleagues. Once having indulged in the fictitious world, people feel reluctant to approach others and to concentrate on their real life. That’s why some people have lost their communication ability and become alienated from others.

一方面，不可否认网络目前是人际交流最高效的媒介之一。但另一方面，很多人也承认他们太过沉迷于网络而无法与朋友和同事进行面对面交流。一旦沉迷于虚幻世界，人们就不愿接近他人或将精力集中在现实生活上。这就是一些人丧失了沟通能力并与他人疏远的原因。

C. 2010英语（一）第二段：On the one hand, mosaic cultures are part of the universal heritage of humanity and are powerful means of bringing together diverse peoples and social groups. Consequently, cultural integration has become indispensable as a means of promoting further culture development and preservation. On the other hand, for China and many other rapidly developing countries, there is a danger that age-old customs and traditions may become lost in the shadows of modernization.

一方面，多元文化作为全体人类遗产的一部分，是将不同人群和社会群体融合的有力方式。因此，文化融合作为促进文化发展和保护的一种方式，已经不可或缺。另一方面，对于中国和其他快速发展的国家来说，古老的习俗和传统面临着在现代化阴影里消失的危险。

D. 2011年英语（一）第二段：On the one hand, tourism, as a multibillion-dollar business, is booming everywhere. Some people, under the belief that tourism serves as an engine of economic growth, seem to ignore its negative effects on the environment. Nevertheless, these are not concerns that we can shrug off lightly. On the other hand, tourism has exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in: our water is polluted, our ecological system is disturbed, and our natural resources have been excessively used.

一方面，旅游业作为一项产值数十亿美元的产业，正在世界各地迅猛发展。有些人认为旅游业是经济发展的引擎，似乎忽视了其对环境的负面影响。然而，我们必须充分关注这一问题。另一方面，旅游业已经给我们生存的环境带来了巨大的压力：水受到污染，生态平衡遭到破坏，自然资源被过度开发。

E. 2012英语（一）第二段：To begin with, thinking positively or negatively may lead to different outcomes. Thinking positively is the key to success. When we start to do a thing, we may meet some situation that is not what we want or even the worst we can ever imagine. At this time, if we think negatively, we may give up the hope that we can do it well at the distance of one step from the success. On the contrary, with positive thinking, we will be able to confront the difficulty and never give up until we acquire the success. What’s more, thinking negatively may result in unbelievable damage. In real life, we always meet some barriers as we grow up. Some people cannot face the hardship in their lives and end up killing themselves. （高分作文）

首先，积极或消极的思考可能导致不同的后果。积极的思考是成功的关键。当我们开始做一件事时，可能会遇到一些不希望看到甚至是能想到的最坏状况。这时，如果我们消极地思考，就可能在离成功一步之遥之际放弃克服困难的希望。相反，如果我们积极地思考，就将能面对困难永不放弃直至获得成功。此外，消极的思考可能导致难以置信的后果。在现实生活中，我们在成长过程中总会遇到一些障碍。有些人不能面对生活中的困难，选择了自杀。

F. 2019英语（一）第二段：

On account of the quickening pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life, imposing tremendous pressure on all individuals. The past few years have witnessed dramatic increase in the difficulty of examinations and employment. We must maintain persistence and perseverance in the face of challenges so as to survive and succeed. Suppose we are inclined to overestimate our rivals or problems and neglect our ability, we will become hesitant and doubtful of ourselves, unable to fulfill even a simple task.

由于生活节奏加快，各行各业的竞争变得日益激烈，给所有人都造成了巨大的压力。过去几年中，考试和就业的难度都在急剧增加。面对挑战，我们必须坚持不懈才能生存和成功。假如我们习惯于高估我们的竞争对手或者问题，忽视我们自己的能力，我们就会变得犹豫不决、怀疑自己，甚至连一件简单的工作也完不成。

3）联系现实：将图画中的每个事物和现实进行联系。例如2003年：

The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people, to be specific, the only children in our current society; the greenhouse epitomizes parents’ doting care and abundant material supplies that can shield the children from the storms, or the harsh reality.

这朵娇弱的花朵自然使人联想到年轻人，具体来说就是我们社会中的独生子女。温室则是父母溺爱和优越物质条件的缩影，它为年轻人挡风遮雨，使他们远离残酷的现实。

3. Summary小结： 1句，将论证的三句话进行总结，与本段主题句首尾呼应。

A. 2007年：So, with confidence and the right assessment of the difficulties, try and exert our strength, and then we will overcome all problems. （19分作文）

因此，保持信心并对困难进行正确估计，竭尽全力，我们就将解决所有问题。

B. 2008年：In fact, it has been universally acknowledged that team spirit is one of the most essential qualifications that anyone who wants to achieve success should possess.

事实上，人们普遍认为，团队精神是任何想要获得成功的人都应该具备的最基本的素质。

C. 2015年：This would be unfortunate because by becoming so addicted to the virtual world, we might never be exposed to social interactions.

这将是不幸的，因为我们将完全沉溺于手机，以至于可能再也不会进行社会交际。

（三）Conclusion：结论段，建议措施段，4句