2020考研英语完形填空精讲精练 第8集(4)

本站小编 免费考研网/2019-07-09


20. A. obscure

B. distinct

C. ambiguous

D. obvious

[文章大意]许多外国人往往会把英伦三岛统称为英格兰,把其居民统称为“英格兰人”,但事实上,英伦三岛的居民在性格和方言等方面存在着许多差异,而只有居住在英格兰的人们才把自己称为“英格兰人”。我们可以在英格兰画一条从布里斯托尔到伦敦的线,在该线以南,人们所说的英语就是外国学生通常所学的那种英语。北部方言通常与南部方言有较大差异。英格兰中部地区的人则代表了从南部型英格兰人到北部型英格兰人的逐渐变化。


试题解析


1. D. contain

此题属于词义辨析题。contain意为“包含,包括”。此句应该是表达“大不列颠群岛上包含很多民族”的意思,故选项D. contain正确。选项A. include意为“have as a part”,指大范围包含小范围;选项B. exclude意为“不包括”,与句意相反;选项C. enclose意为“围绕;(随函)封入,附寄”。如:I enclose a bill with this letter. 随本信附寄一张账单。

2. C. refer

此题属于语意搭配题。选项C. refer用于refer to...as...结构中,表示“把……称为……”。如:California is referred to as“Golden State”. 把该结构代入原文,符合句意,因此选项C为正确答案。选项A. confine后接to表示“把……局限于”。如:Could you confine your discussion to the matter in question?选项B. attach后接to表示“系上,贴上;依恋”。如:I attached a photo to my application form. 选项D. add后接to表示“增加”,相当于increase。如:The news added to his anxiety.

3. A. as

此题属于固定用法题。as the case may be为固定用法,意为“视具体情况而定”。此处是指究竟属于上述三个地区中的具体哪个地区的人,要依情况而定。其他三项均无此固定用法,可排除。

4. C. classified

此题属于语意搭配题。选项C. classified表示“把……归类”。如:She glanced down the classified advertisements. 文中意思为:“他们常常因为被归为‘英格兰人’而感到有些烦恼。故选项C符合文意,是正确答案。其他选项A. divided表示“分裂,分开”。如:The pupil divided the pencils by color. 选项B. sorted表示“分类,挑选出”。如:He sorted the materials into their folders. 选项D. separated表示“分离,隔开”。如:Police moved in to separate the two groups.

5. B. differences

此题属于语意搭配题。解答本题需要注意上下文的逻辑关系。上文讲到英伦三岛有好几个民族,下文讲英格兰各地区的情况,even表示顺接上文,语气更近一步,可见下文还要讲差异,故正确答案是B. differences(不同)。选项A. similarities(相同性),选项C. certainties(确实性)和选项D. features(特征)均不符合题意。

6. D. division

此题属于语意搭配题。前一句中的differences暗示此句应选D. division(区分;不一致)。选项A. factor表示“因素”。如:His friendly manner is an important factor in his success. 选项B. virtue表示“美德”。如:The virtue of honesty is of importance. 选项C. privilege表示“特权,特别的优惠”。如:Education is a privilege in many countries.

7. A. line

此题属于语意搭配题。选项A. line表示“线,线条”。如:draw a line;又如:a fishing line;选项B. row表示“行;排”。如:a row of houses。选项C. border表示“边界,边沿”。如:a border of flowers round the lawn。选项D. scale表示“尺度,规模”。如:business on a large scale。本处意为:在英格兰画一条从布里斯托到伦敦的线。故选项A是正确答案。

8. C. variations

此题属于语意搭配题。选项C. variations表示“变化(如生物学中的变种,音乐上的变调)”。根据上下文,不同地方的英语会带有各区域不同的口音,故选项C. variations正确。选项B. standardizations(标准化)不能与上文的local搭配;选项A. unifications表示“联合,统一”,不合题意;选项D. transformations表示“转变”,原指形式的改变,引申为性质、特点的改变,也不合题意。

9. B. broader

此题属于语意搭配题。选项B. broader表示“更宽的,更广阔的”,也可用于表示“(发音方面)……口音更重的”,broad可指(ofawayofspeaking)stronglymarked,因此B是正确答案。选项A. wider表示“更宽松的,更广泛的”,wide可指covering a large space or range of things。如:a wide skirt;又如:wide interests。选项C. rarer和选项D. scarcer都表示“更稀少的”。

10. B. apt

此题属于词语搭配题。选项B. apt用于be apt to do sth.结构中,表示“倾向于,易于”。如:A careless person is apt to make mistakes. 因此B符合题意和语法。选项A. used用于be used to sth./doing sth.结构中,表示“习惯于”。如:He has been used to the weather here. 选项C. possible的用法为:It is possible that... 或It is possible for sb. to do sth. 如:It is possible that I shall go there tomorrow. 选项D. probable的用法为:Sth. is probable或It is probable that...。如:It is probable that it will rain.

11. D. thorough

此题属于语意搭配题。选项D. thorough表示“做事彻底的,细致的”。上文提到北方人声称他们在工作上比南方人努力,并用and引出下文,说明下文还在说工作情况,因此选项D是正确答案。选项A. perfect表示“完美的”,过于宽泛,没有针对性;选项B. notorious表示“臭名昭著的”,与上下文内容相悖;选项C. superior表示“比……好,优于”,已含有比较级含义,不能与more连用,通常用法是A is superior to B。如:This TV set is superior to that one in quality.

12. C. quickly

此题属于近义词辨析题。四个词都可表示“立刻地”,但着重点不同。选项A. swiftly强调行为发生的速度很快,有“反应很快”的意味。如:They denied the accusation swiftly. 选项B. promptly和选项D. immediately都含有without delay的意义。如:I'll deliver your purchases promptly. 又如:I came immediately after I had had dinner. 选项C. quickly意为“after only a very short time”。如:I realized fairly quickly that I was wrong.文中句子强调“交朋友”的速度,故选C。

13. A. appetites

此题属于语意搭配题。hearty appetites表示“心宽体胖胃口好”;选项B. tastes表示“滋味;鉴赏力”。如:a sweet taste;又如:a taste for music;选项C. interests表示“兴趣”;选项D. senses表示“感觉;见识”。如:a sense of fear;又如:common sense。

14. C. helpings

此题属于语意搭配题。选项C. helpings可表示“(饭菜的)分量”,符合句意。选项A. fillings“填充物”,选项B. offerings“供奉提供的物品”和选项D. findings“发现的结果”放在句子中都与语境不相符。

15. A. represent

此题属于语意搭配题。选项A. represent意为“代表,表示”。如:For the boy, his father represents power. 选项B. designate表示“标明,指明”。如:designate the city on the map。选项C. demonstrate表示“证明,演示”。如:demonstrate how to operate the machine。选项D. reckon表示“认为”。如:We reckon him(to be)diligent.原句中提到了Midland(中部地区)与南北部之间的关系,可推断其意为:中部地区的人代表了南北英格兰人之间的差异,故选A。

16. B. denoted

此题属于形近词辨析题。选项B. denoted意为“表示,意味着;作标志”。如:A smile often denotes pleasure.原句讲字母R的发音,应选B。选项A. delivered表示“交付;投递;表达”。如:deliver letters;又如:deliver a speech。选项C. depicted表示“描绘”。如:This painting depicts a story.选项D. defined表示“给……下定义”。如:Some words are hard to define.

17. D. silent

此题属于语意搭配题。此处指语言学里单词中某字母不发音的现象,此时可用silent表示,选项A. quiet“安静的”,选项B. obscure“模糊不清的”和选项C. faint“微弱的”都不正确。

18. A. rather

此题属于语意搭配题,考查副词含义的区别。选项A. rather表示“有点,相当”(to a moderate extent, quite)。如:a rather cold day。下文中的somewhat揭示我们应选一个与其意义相近的词,故A是正确答案。选项B. still表示“仍然”;选项C. somehow表示“用某种方式,总算”。如:Somehow or other I was able to work it out. 选项D. even表示“甚至”。如:It is even colder today.

19. D. described

此题属于词语搭配题。选项A. rendered的用法为:render+名词+形容词,表示“使……成为(某种状态)”。如:The sight rendered her shocked. 选项B. thought的用法为:think of sth./sb. as...,表示“把……认为是……”。如:We thought of him as our best friend. 选项C. impressed的用法为:impress sb.,表示“给……留下印象”。如:The museum impressed me deeply. 选项D. described的用法为:describe...as...,表示“把……描述为……”。如:He described him as an artist.

20. B. distinct

此题属于语意搭配题。选项B. distinct表示“有区别的;显著的”,distinct from意为“与……不同”。文中意思为:他们是与英格兰差异甚大的民族。选项A. obscure表示“模糊的;晦涩的”。如:The contracts are written in obscure language. 选项C. ambiguous表示“模糊不清的”。如:His answer was ambiguous. 选项D. obvious表示“明显的,显著的”。如:the need to rectify what is an obvious injustice。

译文

很多没有到过大不列颠的外国人把那里所有的居民统称为英格兰人,他们习惯把大不列颠群岛称为英格兰。实际上大不列颠群岛上包含很多民族,只有英格兰的居民才称自己是英格兰人,其他人称自己为威尔士人、苏格兰人,或者爱尔兰人,这要视具体情况而定,他们经常对于被归为“英格兰人”感到有些烦恼。

就算在英格兰也有许多不同的区域特色和口音。主要的差异存在于英格兰的南北部之间。在英格兰画一条从布里斯托到伦敦的线,该线以南的人们说的通常是外国学生学的那类英语,虽然会带有区域不同的口音。

再往北,那儿的英国人通常比南方人带有更浓重的口音。北方人往往声称他们比南方人工作更加努力,而且做事更加周全。他们坦诚而又好客;外国人总能很快地与他们成为朋友。北方人通常是心宽体胖胃口好的类型:比如说,到兰开夏郡或者约克郡的游客可能会期待在用餐时间受到慷慨的礼待。

在口音和特点方面,米德兰(英格兰中部地区)的人代表了从南部型英格兰人到北部型英格兰人的逐渐变化。

在苏格兰,字母“R”通常意味着强音重读,而在南方英语中,字母“R”通常是不发音的。苏格兰人通常被认为是严肃、谨慎、节俭的民族,颇具创造性并且带有些许神秘色彩。在英伦三岛上所有的凯尔特人(包括威尔士,爱尔兰和苏格兰)经常被描述为比英国人更加“脾气暴躁”。他们是一个跟英格兰人差异甚大的民族。





Cloze 2


The majority of people, about nine out of ten, are right-handed. 1  until recently, people who were left-handed were considered  2 , and once children showed this tendency they were forced to use their right hands. Today left-handedness is generally  3 , but it is still a disadvantage in a world  4  most people are right-handed. For example, most tools and implements are still  5  for right-handed people.

In sports by contrast, doing things with the left hand or foot, is often a(n) 6 .Throwing, kicking, punching or batting from the“ 7 ”side may result in throwing off many opponents who are more  8  to dealing with the  9  of players who are right-handed. This is why, in many  10  at a professional level, a  11  proportion of players are left-handed than in the population as a whole.

The word“right”in many languages means“correct”or is  12  with lawfulness, whereas the words  13  with“left”, such as“sinister”, generally have  14  associations. Moreover, among a number of primitive peoples, there is a close association  15  deathand the left hand.

In the past, in  16  Western societies, children were often forced to use their right hands, especially to write with. In some cases the left hand was  17  behind the child's back so that it could not be used. If, in the future, they are  18  to choose, there will certainly be more left-handers, and probably  19  people with minor psychological disturbances as a result of being forced to use their  20  hand.

1. A. Down

B. Never

C. Up

D. Not

2. A. unique

B. eccentric

C. normal

D. abnormal

3. A. accepted

B. admitted

C. approved

D. acknowledged

4. A. when

B. that

C. where

D. which

5. A. ordered

B. designed

C. planned

D. supposed

6. A. advantage

B. priority

C. tendency

D. inclination

7. A. proper

B. indirect

C. correct

D. wrong

8. A. acquainted

B. familiar

C. accustomed

D. inclined

9. A. minority

B. majority

C. plenty

D. lack

10. A. games

B. hobbies

C. activities

D. rounds

11. A. broader

B. higher

C. better

D. smaller

12. A. related

B. mixed

C. connected

D. combined

13. A. compared

B. associated

C. dealt

D. begun

14. A. negative

B. positive

C. similar

D. equal

15. A. along

B. midst

C. among

D. between

16. A. all

B. mostly

C. any

D. most

17. A. tied

B. stuck

C. brought

D. removed

18. A. granted

B. preached

C. allowed

D. funded

19. A. no

B. more

C. greater

D. fewer

20. A. left

B. right

C. either

D. correct

[文章大意]十个人中约有九个人都习惯用右手,左撇子长期以来不被人认同。但是在运动领域,左手或左脚反而是一种优势。将来,如果让孩子自由选择的话,左撇子肯定比现在多,由被逼使用右手而造成心理障碍的人也会少一些。


试题透析


1. C. Up

此题属于语法题。up until/to/till表示“一直到”,意指某事一直持续到某个时候。如:Up until last summer we always went to the beach for our vacation. 其他选项:A. Down和B. Never不能与until搭配;D. Not可与until搭配,但若置于句首,句子应倒装。如:Not until quite recently did I have any idea of what a guided missile was like.

2. D. abnormal

此题属于语意搭配题。abnormal表示“不正常的,反常的”,意指与普通的或所期待的不同。如:Tests have shown that he has an abnormal heart rhythm. 此处指左撇子被别人如何看待,根据上下文,选项D. abnormal符合题意。选项A. unique表示“唯一的,独一无二的”;选项B. eccentric表示“古怪的”,意指人或行为怪异。如:Don't you think it's eccentric to keep a pet crocodile in the bath?选项C. normal表示“正常的”,与句意相反。

3. A. accepted此题属于语意搭配题。accept表示“乐意接受,认同”。根据句意,如今左撇子已经普遍得到了认同,故选项A. accepted符合题意。其他选项:B. admitted表示“承认(坏事)”,常暗示有外界压力,不情愿的意味较强。如:She admitted(that)she had made a mistake. 选项C. approved表示“批准”。如:We had to wait weeks for the council to approve our plan to extend our house. 选项D. acknowledged表示“公开地承认”。如:With so much evidence against him, he could not but acknowledge his error.

4. C. where

此题属于语法题。根据上下文意思,此处需填入一个关系词引导定语从句。由先行词world可判断此句应选一个表地点的关系副词,故选项C. where正确。

5. B. designed

此题属于语意搭配题。design表示“设计”,常用于被动语态be designed for sb./to do。如:This range of clothing is specially designed for shorter women. 此处指大多数工具和设备是为右撇子设计的,故选项B. designed正确。选项A. ordered表示“命令;订购”;选项C. planned表示“计划,规划”。如:Everything went exactly as planned. 选项D. supposed表示“假设,认为”。

6. A. advantage

此题属于语意搭配题。根据下文可知,左撇子在运动方面有着优势。选项A. advantage表示“优势”。如:His advantage turned against him. 选项B. priority表示“优先权”。如:The fight against inflation took priority over measures to combat the deepening recession. 选项C. tendency表示“倾向”。如:the government's tendency to secrecy in recent years;选项D. inclination表示“倾向”。如:She showed no inclination to go.

7. D. wrong

此题属于语意搭配题。根据上文,左撇子通常被看作是不正常的;相比之下,在运动场上习惯用左手、左脚反而是一种优势。下文谈及战胜那些擅长对付右撇子运动员的对手的原因:投掷、踢球、拳击或击球是从左边,亦即“错误”的一边完成的,因此选项D. wrong正确。其他选项:A. proper(适当的),B. indirect(间接的)和C. correct(正确的)都与本句意思不符。

8. C. accustomed

此题属于语意搭配题。根据文意,这些人已经习惯了对付右撇子的运动员。选项C. accustomed与to连用表示“习惯于”。如:She has got accustomed to this sort of work. 因此选项C正确。选项A. acquainted表示“熟悉,了解”,通常与with连用。如:I happen to be acquainted with that woman. 选项B. familiar与with连用表示“熟悉,精通”。选项D. inclined常与不定式连用,表示“倾向于,易于”。

9. B. majority

此题属于词语搭配题。此处需要一个名词来限定修饰players。players指的是惯用右手的运动员。文章的第一句话指出:The majority of people...are right-handed.因此选项B. majority“多数”正确。其他选项:A. minority“少数”,C. plenty“很多”和D. lack“缺乏”均与句意不符。

10. A. games

此题属于词义辨析题。games表示“比赛;游戏;娱乐;运动会”,符合句意。B. hobbies表示“业余爱好”;C. activities表示“活动”;D. rounds表示“循环;(拳击比赛的)回合;(高尔夫的)局”。如:a fight of 15 rounds。

11. B. higher

此题属于语意搭配题。B. higher表示“较高的”,可与句中的proportion(比例)一词搭配,指“比例更高”,符合文意。其他选项:A. broader表示“更宽的”;C. better表示“更好的”;D. smaller表示“较小的”。

12. C. connected

此题属于词语搭配题。connect常与with连用,be connected with表示“联想到……;与……有关系”。如:I always considered your brother to be connected with the crime. 根据句子结构,此处需要一个动词与with搭配,构成的短语应和or前面的means意思相近,故选项C. connected正确。其他选项:A. related常与介词to连用。如:How on earth do his remarks relate to what we are discussing now?B. mixed与with连用,表示“混合”,与句意不符;D. combined与with连用,表示“使……合并,化合”。如:combine work with pleasure。

13. B. associated

此题属于词语搭配题。B. associated与with连用意为“与……相关”。文中要表达的意思是与“左”相关的词语,因此B选项符合题意。其他选项:A. compared与with连用表示“与……相比”;C. dealt与with连用表示“处理”;D. begun与with连用表示“以……开始”。

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