2020考研英语完形填空精讲精练 第9集(2)

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5. A. orientation

此题属于语意搭配题。orientation表示“方向”,常与介词to/towards搭配。此处需要一个名词与to the future连用,故选项A. orientation正确。选项B. implication表示“含义,暗示”。如:The implication of your statement is that I was wrong. 选项C. succession表示“连续,接替”。如:the succession of seasons;选项D. presentation表示“赠送;递交;提出”。如:the presentation of the case。

6. B. worth

此题属于语意搭配题。be worth+名词/doing表示“值得……”。此处的名词往往是钱数或相当于代价的比喻性名词。如:It's worth the time and effort we devoted to it. 另外,worth后面的动名词总是用主动形式表达被动意义。如:It is worth considering. 选项A. worthy表示“值得的”,常用搭配为be worthy of+名词/to do。如:This novel is worthy to be ranked among the masterpieces of Chinese literature./It is worthy of the name. 选项C. deserving表示“应得的;值得帮助的”,其后不能接sb.。选项D. worthwhile表示“值得的;重要的”,可作定语和表语,但其后也不能接sb.。

7. C. In addition

此题属于语篇连接题。根据上下文意思,此处需填表示递进的短语In addition表示“另外”。文章前一句讲回忆有助于老年人稳固他们的自我定位,后一句讲回忆成为了老年人不断回顾的生活的一部分,故选项C. In addition正确。选项A. In a word表示“总而言之,一句话”,属于总结陈词;选项B. In brief表示“简言之”;选项D. In particular表示“特别,尤其”,表示更进一步。

8. D. review

此题属于语意搭配题。life review表示“生活回顾”,符合句意。选项A. prospect表示“展望,前景”,指事情发生的可能性。如:With not much prospect of settling the dispute, the talks were halted. 从上下文来看,前面讲的是回忆,因此不可能回忆“前景”,故prospect不符合题意;选项B. impetus表示“动力,推动力”。如:the primary impetus behind the economic recovery;选项C. impression表示“印象”。如:What are your impression of Hangzhou?

9. A. integrates

此题属于语意搭配题。integrate表示“把……集成,使……完整;综合”,常与介词with, into连用。如:The aim, said the minister, was to integrate Britain both politically and economically into the European Community. 又如:to integrate theory with practice。根据原文,老年人的生活回顾是指把过去发生的事件和他们的经历综合起来,故选项A. integrates正确。选项B. incorporates表示“合并,结合(成一体)”。如:This aircraft incorporates several new safety features in addition to the standard ones. 又如:Suggestions from the survey have been incorporated into/in the final design. 选项C. includes表示“包含(作为其中的一部分)”。如:The bid includes tax and service. 选项D. interacts表示“与……交往/沟通”。如:Modern architects are designing buildings for the future which will interact with the user.

10. C. reflects

此题属于语意搭配题。reflect on/upon表示“反省,反思”。如:The old man reflected on the changes that had taken place since his youth. 此处需填入一个动词与下文的meaning搭配,因此只有思考生命的意义符合逻辑,故选项C. reflects正确。选项A. reckons(on)表示“指望,盼望”。如:I'm reckoning on your continued support. 另外,reckon in表示“把……计算在内”,reckon up表示“结算,合计”,reckon with表示“处理;考虑到”;选项B. counts(on)表示“指望”;选项D. conceives表示“构想出;认为”,相当于imagine或think。如:He conceives of society as a jungle where only the fittest survive.

11. B. draws

此题属于词语搭配题。draw to a close表示“接近结束”,符合句意。其他选项虽均可与to搭配,但语意不符。选项A. keeps(to)表示“遵守;坚持”。如:For heaven's sake, let's keep to the point or we'll never reach any decisions. 选项C. inclines(to sth./to do)表示“倾向于”。如:I incline to disagree with you on that point. 选项D. tends(to sth./to do)表示“照料;倾向于”。如:Plants tend to die in hot weather if you don't water them.

12. D. difficult

此题属于语意搭配题。结合文中意思,让老人们接受死亡这一事实并不容易。四个选项中A. natural表示“自然的”;B. beneficial表示“有益的”;C. unavoidable表示“不可避免的,必然的”,都不合此处文意。

13. A. taboo此题属于语意搭配题

taboo表示“禁忌,忌讳”,符合句子意思:死亡在美国是一个忌讳的话题。选项B. dispute表示“争端”;选项C. contempt表示“蔑视”。如:She made no attempt to conceal her contempt for anyone who was of lower social status. 选项D. neglect表示“疏忽,不留心”。如:I'd neglected to tell him that I wouldn't be home that night.

14. B. indecent

此题属于语意搭配题。indecent表示“不得体的,不体面的”。根据上下文,上句说死亡是忌讳的话题,因此,谈论死亡会被看作是不得体的,故选项B. indecent正确。选项A. notorious表示“臭名昭著的,声名狼藉的”。如:The company is notorious for paying its bill late. 选项C. obscure表示“晦涩的;偏僻的;模糊的”。如:an obscure style of writing;an obscure island;又如:Official policy has changed, for reasons that remain obscure. 选项D. desperate表示“绝望的,拼命的;极度的”。如:make a desperate attempt(孤注一掷)。

15. D. reluctant

此题属于语意搭配题。reluctant表示“勉强的,不情愿的”。此处指的是:死亡是个令人恐惧的话题,当然人们都不情愿去想,故选项D. reluctant正确。选项A. ready表示“准备好的”,选项B. willing表示“愿意的”,选项C. liable表示“有……倾向的”,虽然都可与to do连用,但都不符合句意。

16. D. presence

此题属于语意搭配题。文中意思是,不会当着一个临终的人的面去谈论死亡的话题。选项D. presence与in搭配表示“在……面前”。如:No one with sin can possibly live in the presence of a sinless God. 选项A. surface表示“表面,表层”,与题意不符;选项B. spot表示“地点,场所”。如:They don't sit in the spot where they found food yesterday. 选项C. ground与in搭配表示“在地下,在土里”,故不符合题意。

17. A. status

此题属于语意搭配题。status表示“地位”,可与前面的动词achieve连用,说明在现代工业社会里死亡才取得了这一地位。选项B. circumstance指某事件或动作发生时的“情况”,一般用复数。如:Under/In such circumstances, we had better send him to hospital immediately.选项C. environment表示“环境(总称)”,强调环绕着某一特定的人或物,同时往往着重对该人或物的影响。如:He grew up in an environment of poverty. 选项D. priority表示“优先权”。如:They insist that the right to live should take priority over all other considerations.

18. B. confront

此题属于语意搭配题。confront表示“面对(困境/人)”。如:When he returned to his office he was confronted by/with a great pile of work. 此处指面对死亡,故选项B. confront正确。选项A. encounter表示“邂逅,遭遇(危险、麻烦、反对等)”。如:The army is reported to be encountering considerable resistance in some remote rural areas. 选项C. tolerate表示“容忍”。如:It seems these ants can tolerate temperatures which would kill other species. 选项D. expose表示“暴露”,常与to连用。如:It is feared that people living near the power station may have been exposed to radiation.

19. C. beyond

此题属于词语搭配题。beyond表示“超出”之意,侧重指客观事物非本身能力所能达到或完成。如:The failure arose from circumstances was beyond our control. 其他类似说法有:beyond one's power/endurance/comprehension,故选项C. beyond正确。选项A. under(control)表示“处于(控制)之下”;选项B. above强调本身凌驾于一般标准之上。如:Do you consider yourself above criticism/reproach?选项D. within通常不与control连用。

20. D. processes

此题属于语意搭配题。本句指的是“自然过程”,即natural processes,故选D。选项A. measures意为“方法,措施”;选项B. punishments意为“惩罚”;选项C. behaviors意为“行为,举止”。

译文

当人们上了年纪,他们的思想会和年轻时大不相同。人们通常会看到老年人花很多时间来思考和讲述他们的过去,而不是未来。这些回忆并不仅仅是随意的或琐碎的片段,也不是老人们为了聊天而没话找话。老人们重拾过往是为了保存住他们正在变得越来越脆弱的自我定位:缺乏能给他们带来尊重的角色或者失去他们未来方向的目标时,他们提起过去是为提醒听者这是一个值得让每个人都过得好的生活。此外,回忆成为老年人不断回顾生活的一部分,在回顾生活中,老人把过去的事和经历综合起来,反思几乎整个生命历程的意义。

当生命轮回临近尾声时,老人们也必须接受自己即将死去的现实。然而由于死亡在美国是一个禁忌话题,所以让老人们接受这一事实并不容易。仅仅是对死亡的谈论也被视为是不得体的。作为成年人,我们开始觉得死亡是令人恐惧的话题,当然也并不愿意去想——也绝不当着一个临终的人的面去谈论这个话题。只有在现代工业社会中,死亡才开始变成了禁忌的话题。我们不愿意提及死亡似乎有一个重要的原因。确切的事实在于,对于死亡,我们无法控制,它也是我们几乎唯一控制不了的自然过程。





Cloze 6


On April 20,2000, in Accra, the capital of Ghana, the leaders of six West African countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary union among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003, as the first step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004.The six countries  1  themselves to  2  central bank financing of budget deficits to 10 percent of the previous years government  3 ;reducing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phase by 2003, and attacking the budget deficit and other economic problems;creating a Convergence Council to help  4  macroeconomic policies, which must be the foundation of a stable financial system;and  5  up a common central bank, with the purpose of actively supporting the expansion of domestic demand. Their declaration  6  that:“The experiences of any particular country are even less applicable to a monetary union. Member States  7  the need for  8  political commitment and undertake to  9  all such national policies as would  10  the regional monetary integration process.”

The  11  of a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization, going back to its formation in 1975, and is intended to  12  broader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade and  13  institutions. In the colonial period, currency boards  14  sets of countries in the region. On independence,  15 , these currency boards were dissolved, with the  16  of the CFA franc zone, which included the francophone countries of the region.  17 , there have been attempts to advance the agenda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation, political problems and other economic priorities in several of the region's countries have to  18  inhibited progress. Although some problems remain, the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in 1999 of a democratic government and a leader who is committed to regional  19  in Nigeria, the largest economy of the region, raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be  20 .

1. A. committed

B. devoted

C. adjusted

D. attributed

2. A. affecting

B. reducing

C. lightening

D. keeping

3. A. finance

B. profit

C. income

D. revenue

4. A. coordinate

B. draft

C. ordinate

D. compromise

5. A. building

B. setting

C. founding

D. erecting

6. A. says

B. writes

C. reads

D. states

7. A. accept

B. understand

C. recognize

D. realize

8. A. strong

B. useful

C. effective

D. efficient

9. A. explore

B. seek

C. quest

D. pursue

10. A. simplify

B. impede

C. facilitate

D. affect

11. A. comment

B. goal

C. advice

D. demand

12. A. accompany

B. enforce

C. execute

D. compel

13. A. separate

B. common

C. several

D. public

14. A. combined

B. integrated

C. woven

D. linked

15. A. therefore

B. moreover

C. however

D. thus

16. A. consideration

B. intention

C. exception

D. regard

17. A. Because

B. Although

C. While

D. Unless

18. A. delay

B. deter

C. hinder

D. date

19. A. development

B. prosperity

C. integration

D. cooperation

20. A. revived

B. renewed

C. restored

D. refreshed

[文章大意]2000年4月20日,在加纳首都阿克拉,六位西非国家首脑宣布:作为将在2004年建成的一个更广泛的、包括西非国家经济共同体(ECOWAS )所有成员国在内的货币统一组织的第一步,他们打算在2003年1月前在该地区非洲金融共同体非法郎区的国家间建立一个货币联盟。长久以来,建立一个货币统一组织就是西非国家经济共同体的一个目标。这种一体化进程应包括加强地区贸易和共同机构的协作。1999年尼日利亚的选举支持并巩固了最近的这次倡议。


试题透析


1. A. committed

此题属于语意搭配题。commit oneself to表示“承诺,答应”。如:He has committed himself to supporting his family. 根据原文内容:六国承诺将央行的财政预算赤字减少,故选项A. committed正确。选项B. devoted oneself(to)表示“献身于,致力于”;选项C. adjusted(oneself)to表示“使……适应”。如:He adjusted himself quickly to the heat of the country. 选项D. attributed(to)表示“归因于”。如:He attributed his success to hard work/working hard.

2. B. reducing

此题属于语意搭配题。reduce表示“减少”。如:The great fire reduced the forest to a few trees. 根据文中意思,六国承诺将央行的财政预算赤字减少到以前年度政府收入的10%,故选项B. reducing为正确答案。选项A. affecting表示“影响”;选项C. lightening表示“减轻”。如:These proposals are lightening the load on working parents. 选项D. keeping表示“保持”,都不符合题意。

3. D. revenue

此题属于词义辨析题。government revenue属习惯用法,意为“政府收入”。其他选项:A. finance表示“金融”;B. profit表示“利润;益处”;C. income表示“收入”,指个人所得之薪水、工资,投资所得之利息等。

4. A. coordinate

此题属于语意搭配题。coordinate表示“使协调”。如:to coordinate ideas/efforts。根据句子意思:各国承诺建立一个联合委员会以协调宏观经济政策,故选项A. coordinate最符合题意。选项B. draft表示“草拟”;选项C. ordinate为coordinate的形近词,但它是名词,意为“纵坐标”,不符合语法要求和文意;选项D. compromise表示“和解,妥协”。如:to compromise over the hard-fought text(历尽艰辛后达成协议);又如:to compromise with conscience(出卖良心)。

5. B. setting

此题属于语意搭配题。set up表示“建立,设置”,多为组织机构,可与句中的central bank连用。选项A. building(up)表示“建造;逐渐获得”。如:to build up your vocabulary;选项C. founding表示“建立,组建”,属及物动词,不能与up连用;选项D. erecting表示“建立,树立”,所建东西具有一定高度,不能与up连用。如:They plan to erect an apartment house on that property.

6. D. states

此题属于词义辨析题。state表示“(尤指详尽而明确地)陈述”,较正式。如:state one's position(阐明某人立场),此处需要一个动词,下文是宣告的具体内容,故选项D. states正确。其他选项均不符合此处语境。

7. C. recognize

此题属于语意搭配题。recognize表示“承认,认识到”,与文中的need连用,意为“see clearly”,故选项C. recognize正确。选项A. accept表示“接受”;选项B. understand表示“理解”;选项D. realize表示“实现”。

8. A. strong

此题属于语意搭配题。选项A. strong表示“强有力的,坚定的”。如:He is sharp and manipulative with a strong personality.根据文中意思,成员国需要强有力的政治承诺。故选项A为正确选项。B. useful表示“有用的”,例如:Someone came out with a most useful suggestion.选项C. effective表示“起作用的,产生效果的”。如:His order to arrest me was no longer effective. 选项D. efficient表示“工作效率高的”。如:I've been looking out for an efficient teaching method.

9. D. pursue

此题属于语意搭配题。pursue表示“寻求,以……为目标”。如:pursue pleasure,根据原文意思:寻求一切有利于……的政策,故选项D. pursue正确。其他选项:A. explore“探索”;B. seek“寻找”;C. quest“搜寻,探求”,都不能与policies连用。

10. C. facilitate

此题属于语意搭配题。facilitate表示“促进,使便利”。如:The new airport will facilitate the development of tourism. 文中是要表达“寻求一切有利于地区货币一体化进程的国家政策”,可知选项C. facilitate为正确选项。选项A. simplify表示“简化”;选项B. impede表示“妨碍,阻挡”;选项D. affect表示“影响”,都不符合题意。

11. B. goal

此题属于语意理解和词汇辨析题。句子很长,由and可知前后是并列关系,因此所填的名词和is intended to意义相仿,四个选项中只有B. goal表示“目标”,符合语境。整句意思为:在ECOWAS中设立货币联盟长期以来就是该组织的目标,这可以追溯到其成立之时。货币联盟打算与更广泛的一体化进程一起完成,这些一体化进程包括加强区域贸易和共同机构的设立。

12. A. accompany

此题属于语意搭配题。accompany表示“伴随”。如:Lightning usually accompanies thunder. 根据原句意思:货币联盟打算与更广泛的一体化进程一起完成,故选项A. accompany正确。选项B. enforce表示“执行,实施”。如:It isn't always easy for the police to enforce speed limits. 选项C. execute表示“实现;执行”。如:Now that we have approved we may execute the scheme as previously agreed. 选项D. compel表示“迫使”。

13. B. common

此题属于语意搭配题。common表示“共同的”。根据句子上下文,前一段出现了a common central bank,可见一体化进程中应包括共同机构的设立,故选项B. common正确。其他选项均不符合题意。

14. D. linked

此题属于语意搭配题。文中意思为,货币发行局联系着该区域内的不同国家。link表示“关联,联系”。如:They have planned to link up the two areas by telephone. 选项A. combined表示“结合”;选项B. integrated表示“(使)结合为一个整体”。如:He didn't integrate successfully into the Italian way of life. 选项C. woven表示“交织在一起”。只有linked符合题意,故选D. linked。

15. C. however

此题属于逻辑衔接题。however表转折关系。根据文章内容,前一句提到殖民地时期,货币委员会联系着这一地区的国家,下句说,在这些国家独立时,货币委员会都被解散了,前后存在转折关系,所以选项C. however正确。选项A. therefore“因此”,表因果关系;选项B. moreover表递进;选项D. thus“因此”,表因果关系。

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