6. D. supplies

此题属于语意搭配题。supply意为“供给，提供”，此处指的是家庭所提供的帮助，故选项D. supplies符合题意。选项A. requests意为“请求”；选项B. deploys意为“部署，展开”。如：The firm is reconsidering the way in which it deploys its resources. 选项C. implies意为“暗示”。

7. C. bears

此题属于语意搭配题。bear意为“具有，带有；拥有（称号、标记等）”。如：Their baby bears a strong resemblance to its grandmother. 又如：He had borne the burden of guilt for many years. 上文已经提到land is cheap, the possession of it confers no power or privileges，此处又说到Hence, again...little or no rent，所以此处所选的词应与confer属同一语域，故选项C. bears正确。选项A. fosters意为“养育，培养”；选项B. promotes意为“促进；提升”；选项D. contributes（to）意为“捐助；有贡献；有助于”。

8. D. wages

此题属于近义词辨析题。wages意为“手工/体力劳动所得报酬”，常以时间/工件为计算单位。如：The miner's wage is usually very high. 根据文章内容，开发土地的是体力劳动者，他们的报酬应为wages（工钱）。选项A. rewards意为“回报，报酬”，常指为好的行为或工作而付出的报酬。如：There's a reward for whoever finishes first. 选项B. salaries意为“工资”，指技术性较强的职业或脑力劳动所得的固定报酬。如：His monthly salary is merely sufficient to support his family. 选项C. awards意为“奖金/状/章等奖品”，通常为正式决定的颁给某人的奖励。如：Who do you think should win the Academy Award for Best Director this year?

9. C. substantially

此题属于语意搭配题。substantially意为“本质上；充分地”。如：This model has a few extra fittings, but the two cars are substantially the same.（这款车有一些特别的配置，但这两辆车在本质上是一样的。）原文此处指的是移民和全体社会成员之间的平等关系是充分的，故选项C. substantially正确。选项A. intentionally意为“故意地”；选项B. potentially意为“潜在地”；选项D. consistently意为“一贯地，始终一致地”。如：The occasional mistake doesn't matter, but if you get it consistently wrong, you're in trouble.

10. B. based

此题属于语意搭配题。be based on意为“建立在……基础上”。根据文意，民主是在平等的基础上形成的，但民主不能由平等来保证，故选项B. based正确。选项A. fertilized意为“施肥”；选项C. draw（on）意为“催促某人；（时间）迫近；依赖等”。如：From time to time, we tend to draw on his knowledge. 选项D. guaranteed意为“保证，担保”。如：European airliner guarantees top-quality service for its customers.

11. D. reinforced

此题属于语意搭配题。reinforce意为“强化”。如：One of the unforeseen consequences of the reforms was that they reinforced difference between the east and west of the country. （改革引发的一个始料未及的后果是加剧了这个国家东部与西部的地区差异。）根据上下文内容，前面谈及民主的产生在于各社会成员间充分平等，下文谈到教育公民懂得freedom, independence等，这是对民主的进一步强化，故选项D. reinforced正确。其他选项：选项A. influenced意为“影响”，不够准确；选项B. checked意为“阻止；查对”，选项C. reshaped意为“改造”，均与句意不符。

12. C. characteristic

此题属于近义词辨析题。characteristic=a special and easily recognized quality of sth./sb.，指人/物显露出的与其他人/物不同的品质。如：What are the characteristics of the present situation?根据句意，下面所提及的是这种行业的特征，故选项C. characteristic正确。其他选项：选项A. feature=a typical or noticeable part or quality，意为“特色”，指某一事物引人注意的部分或细节，而不指性质。如：A high chimney is the most distinctive feature of the factory. 选项B. essence=the inner nature of sth.，意为“本质”，指事物最基本的必不可少的特质；选项D. fundamental=rule, law（on which a system is based），意为“基本原理，建立系统/结构/机构的基础”。

13. D. exception

此题属于词语搭配题。该句意在表达：除了一些矿业开采，该行业仅需要简单的劳动组织和少量资金。选项D. exception与with连用表示“除了……之外”。如：With the exception of suites, you can then select all of the artifacts to be deleted. 因此选项D. exception为正确答案。选项A. exclusion表达“剔除，排斥（某种情况）”。如：Performance evaluation standards should be made to truthfully reflect the management performance to the largest extent with the exclusion of noises. 选项B. specialness意为“特殊性”；选项C. inclusion意为“包括”。

14. A. speedily

此题属于语意搭配题。speedily意为“快速地”。根据原文内容，采掘工业的门槛较低，所以他能很快速地成为his own master，故选项A. speedily正确。其他选项：选项B. merrily意为“愉快地”；选项C. unfortunately意为“不幸地”；选项D. amusingly意为“令人发笑地，有趣地”，都不符合该处语境。

15. D. reliance

此题属于语意搭配题。reliance意为“信任；依靠”，与self连用，意为“自立，自力更生”。根据上下文的意思，工人成为自己的主人后，很快懂得了自由、独立以及自力更生，因为他们成为自己的主人后，很多事情只能靠自己，从而必须学会自立，故选项D. reliance正确。其他选项：选项A. autonomy=self-governing，意为“自治”；选项B. regulation与self连用，意为“自我调节”；选项C. independence意为“独立”，不与self连用。

16. B. vaguely

此题属于语意搭配题。vaguely意为“模糊地”。根据下文，it is easy to______from one class of occupations, and consequently from one social grade, to another. 可知，社会中各阶层的界限不严格，即比较模糊，故选项B. vaguely正确。选项A. obviously意为“一目了然地”；选项C. positively意为“肯定地”；选项D.apparently意为“明显地”。

17. A. transfer

此题属于形近词辨析题。transfer意为“调换（工作等）”。根据句意，在同一阶层换（职业）比较容易，从而导致其社会阶层的改变，故选项A. transfer正确。选项B. transform意为“改造；使……变形”；选项C. transmit意为“传播；传导”；选项D. transport意为“交通”。

18. B. densely

此题属于语意搭配题。densely意为“（人口）密集地，密度大地”。根据上一句中的compared...with可知，下面讨论的是与under-populated相对的社会类型，即人口密度大的社会，故选项B. densely正确。选项A. sporadically=happening irregularly，意为“零星地；断断续续地”。如：The volcanoes have been erupting sporadically over the last 10 years. 选项C. loosely意为“松散地”；选项D. neatly意为“整洁地”。

19. A. advantages

此题属于语意搭配题。advantages意为“优势”。根据原文，在人口密度过小的国家里，教育、技能与培训体现不出优势，而这对于那些从事体力劳动的人是有好处的，故选项A. advantages正确。选项B. disadvantages意为“弊端，劣势”，与句意相反；选项C. gains意为“收获”，选项D. deficits意为“赤字”，均不符合文意。

20. B. coarse

此题属于语意搭配题。coarse意为“粗糙的，粗放型的”。此句提及unskilled, manual occupations，与science, literature, and art相比较就是粗活，故选项B. coarse正确。选项A. flexible意为“有弹性的”，不与occupations连用；选项C. presentable意为“拿得出手的，像样的”，不符合文意；D. masculine意为“有男子气概的”，体力劳动与男子气概并没有必然的联系。

译文

当一个国家的人口密度过小时，那些移民就不是竞争者，而是协助者。如果有更多移民的话，他们不仅可以生产出新的配额，也会有盈余。在这样的情况下，土地是充足而廉价的。土地的占有权并不能授予土地的主人权力和特权。当人们可以占有新的土地并成为自己的主人时，没有人会为了工资而为其他人工作。因此人们利用自己的劳力或者借助家人提供的帮助耕作自己的田地，而不会花钱去买更多的土地。因此，土地几乎没有任何租金；没有依靠地租生活的地主和依靠劳动报酬为生的苦力，只有作为自耕农的中产阶级。所有人都将充分地享受平等，政治形式将会非常民主，因为只有在公平和民主的基础之上，这样状态的社会才有可能实现。其他因素同样对民主进一步强化。在一个新的、人口密度过小的国家，利润最高的行业是采掘工业。除了一些矿业开采，该行业的特征是仅需要简单的劳动组织和少量资金。因此这些允许工人快速成为自己的主人，懂得自由、独立以及自力更生。同时社会中各阶层的界限不严格，在同一阶层改变职业以及在不同阶层间变换比较容易。最后，与人口密度大的国家相比，在同样的环境、教育、技能和专业培训上他们并没有优势。人口密度小的国家的优势在于粗放型的、无需技能的体力方面的工作，并不需要高度发达的科学、文学以及艺术。





Cloze 15


Wind power is one of the clean sources of power for homes and offices. It has the potential to help blow away the pollution from 　1　 gas or coal-fired power plants. Now it has become the world's fastest-growing energy source, 　2　 at a rate of 20% to 30% a year for the past three years to become a $2 billion 　3　.The industry is developing rapidly and is at a pretty important inflection point.

4　 of up to 100 wind turbines rising more than 130 feet high generate electricity from futuristic-looking“wind farms”stretching from Palm Springs, Calif.,　5　 Jutland, Denmark. The turbines 　6　 have just two or three rotating blades, 　7　 them the look of Spartan wind mills. As the blades turn, they extract energy from the wind by slowing it down. A generator 　8　 to the shaft of the turbine creates electricity.

Although wind power still 　9　 less than 1% of the world's electricity, its double-digit growth rates and declining costs give it the 　10　 to become a major source of electricity. Improved technology and government incentive programs have helped to lower the 　11　 of wind power in the United States from about 40 cents per kilowatt-hour to about 5 cents today.

12　 the new millennium coming, wind power's 　13　 of the worldwide energy market can 　14　 that of hydropower, which now supplies 20% of the 　15　 for electricity. In European nations such as Germany and Spain, wind power already is becoming a major source of energy. In Denmark, it 　16　 8% of the market.

In the United States, which has 　17　 in wind power development, Energy Secretary Bill Richardson announced an initiative this summer to 　18　 that wind power supplies at least 5% of the nation's electricit by 2020.

“Wind power is still considered a laughing 　19　 by many energy industry executives,”an energy expert comments.“But soon, such people may look almost as silly as those who once called the airplane an 　20　 idea.”

1. A. traditional

B. advanced

C. regular

D. normal

2. A. exposing

B. swelling

C. striving

D. upholding

3. A. investment

B. project

C. enterprise

D. industry

4. A. Gangs

B. Swarms

C. Clusters

D. Troops

5. A. over

B. in

C. to

D. of

6. A. typically

B. formerly

C. recently

D. ordinarily

7. A. giving

B. offering

C. providing

D. lending

8. A. armed

B. attached

C. equipped

D. related

9. A. takes

B. occupies

C. supplies

D. accounts

10. A. ability

B. expectation

C. capability

D. potential

11. A. costs

B. prices

C. pay

D. value

12. A. At

B. In

C. On

D. With

13. A. number

B. amount

C. share

D. bit

14. A. surpass

B. exceed

C. transcend

D. excel

15. A. request

B. requirement

C. need

D. demand

16. A. accounts for

B. consists in

C. makes up for

D. works out

17. A. preceded

B. lagged

C. dropped

D. caught

18. A. affirm

B. confirm

C. ensure

D. assure

19. A. event

B. substance

C. thing

D. matter

20. A. unwise

B. absurd

C. ineffective

D. impractical

[文章大意]风能是一种无污染的适合家庭和办公用的能源。它目前的发展很快，在过去三年中每年都以20%到30%的速率增长，现已成为一个价值二十亿美元的产业。风力涡轮机一般有两到三片旋转的扇叶，当扇叶开始旋转时，它们通过降低风速来汲取能量。于是捆绑在涡轮机轴心上的发电机便产生电能。风能两位数增长的速率和越来越低的成本使它有潜力成为电力的一个主要来源。


试题透析


1. A. traditional

此题属于语意搭配题。选项A. traditional意为“传统的”。如：traditional foods for Christmas。原文中的gas和coal-fired power应属于传统的能源，因此A符合题意。选项B. advanced意为“先进的；高级的”。如advanced learners；选项C. regular意为“有规则的；定期的”。如a regular customer/a regular meeting；选项D. normal意为“正常的；标准的”。如：normal working hours。

2. B. swelling

此题属于语意搭配题。选项B. swelling意为“膨胀，肿胀”。如：The sprain made my ankle swell up. 该词可引申为“增长”，含increase之义。如：Our debt has been swelling. 原文中的fastest-growing提示本空格应选B。选项A. exposing意为“使暴露；使遭受”。如：You are exposing your little child to possible dangers. 选项C. striving意为“尽力，拼命尝试”。如：He strove for his boss's favor. 选项D. upholding意为“支撑，维持”。如：The four pillars uphold the roof.

3. D. industry

此题属于语意搭配题。根据题意，风能已发展成为一种产业，而且空格后的句子以The industry开头，因此选项D. industry“工业，产业”是正确答案。选项A. investment意为“投资”；选项B. project意为“计划；企划”。如：a project to establish a new school；选项C. enterprise意为“企业；计划；事业”。如：a private enterprise（私人企业）；又如：a bold enterprise（一个大胆的计划）。

4. C. Clusters

此题属于词语搭配题。选项C. Clusters意为“（人或动物的）群”。如：a cluster of people；还可用以指物。如：a cluster of grapes。根据空格后的wind turbines可知此题该选C。选项A. Gangs意为“一帮人，一群人”；选项B. Swarms意为“群”，既可用于指人，也可用于指昆虫；选项D. Troops意为“军队”。

5. C. to

此题属于词语搭配题。Stretch from...to...是固定搭配，指范围，意为“扩张，伸展，绵延”。如：The forest stretches from the west coast to the east coast. 其余选项都没有这种搭配

6. A. typically

此题属于语意搭配题。选项A. typically意为“典型地”。如：The disease typically takes several weeks to appear. 此处说明风力涡轮机的形状很像the look of Spartan windmills，故选项A符合题意，是正确答案。选项B. formerly意为“以前；原本”。如：Formerly this neighbourhood was a poor village. 选项C. recently意为“最近，近来”。如：Have you heard from him recently?选项D. ordinarily意为“通常，平常”。如：Ordinarily, he is back by 8 at night.

7. A. giving

此题属于词语搭配题。考查动词+sb.+a look的搭配。四个选项是近义词，但选项A. giving可用于表示make sth. have a particular quality（使某物具有某个特征）。如：give sth. a smell/taste/look。故A是正确答案。选项B. offering意为“提供”，后面可跟双宾语。如：She offered me a cup of tea. 选项C. providing意为“供应，提供”，习惯用法为provide sth. for sb.或provide sb. with sth.。选项D. lending意为“借”，用法为lend sth. to sb.

8. B. attached

此题属于语意搭配题。选项A. armed作动词时意为“以……武装”。如：They armed themselves with machine guns. 选项C. equipped意为“装备于”。如：equip the office with word processor。可见这两个词都与介词with连用，故可先排除。选项B. attached意为“安装，系上”，可与介词to连用。如：I attached a lamp to the bicycle. 选项D. related（to）意为“与……有关”。如：The accident is related to his carelessness. 相比而言，B更符合题意，是正确答案。

9. C. supplies

此题属于语意搭配题。文中所表达意思是“虽然风力发电占世界发电量的比例仍然不到1%”，选项A. takes与up连用才能表达“占用”。如：A good deal of my time is taken up with driving the children to soccer games. 选项B. occupies表示“占用”。如：Her career occupies all of her time. 但是文中还需要表达风能转化为电能的意思，而不仅仅表达“所占百分比”；选项D. accounts常与for连用，表达“占（比例）”。如：Computers account for 5% of the country's commercial electricity consumption. 选项C. supplies意为“提供，供给”，连接文中wind power和electricity的转化关系，故选项C. supplies为正确答案。

10. D. potential

此题属于语意搭配题。选项D. potential意为“潜能，潜力”。空格前提到，风力发电有两位数的增长率和持续降低的成本，风力有很大的潜力成为电的主要来源，可知选项B. potential正确。选项A. ability意为“能力”。如：I have never doubted about her ability. 选项B. expectation意为“期望，指望”；选项C. capability意为“能力（将来能有所发展的资质）”。如：They both have the capability of winning.

11. B. prices

此题属于语意搭配题。本句讲的是美国风能发电的价格，提示词是per kilowatt-hour。选项B. prices意为“价格”，正符合题意。选项A. costs意为“成本”；选项C. pay意为“付款”；选项D. value意为“价值”。

12. D. With

此题属于语法题，考查介词的用法。介词with可引导独立主格结构，表示附带状况，意为“随着，同时”。如：She said goodbye with tears running down her cheeks. 本题中的with the new millennium coming意为“随着新千年的到来”。

13. C. share

此题属于语意搭配题。选项C. share意为“分配额”，可引申为“市场占有率”，符合本句意思。其他三个选项：A. number“数量”，B. amount“数量”和D. bit“一点”都不符合本题意思。

14. A. surpass

此题属于近义词辨析题。根据文中内容可知，风能的全球能源市场占有量将超过水力发电份额，四个选项均有“超过，超越”的意思，差异如下：A. surpass指优于或超过某人（某物）。如：Arab Americans surpass the national average in both education and income. B. exceed指超出数量或规定的范围和限制。如：If your liabilities exceed your assets, you may go bankrupt. C. transcend常用于表示抽象方面的超越。如：Great artists often exhibit an ability to transcend social and cognitive walls. D. excel指在成就、才艺或造诣方面优于或胜过别人，常接介词in或at。如：No other singer in England or France could excel him. 通过比较可知选项A. surpass为正确答案。

15. D. demand

此题属于词语搭配题。supply和demand相对应，意为“供与求”。其他三个选项：A. request“请求”，B. requirement“要求”和C. need“需要”都没有这种含义。

16. A. accounts for

此题属于语意搭配题。选项A. accounts for意为“说明”。如：How can you account for the mistake?但也用于表示“占……份额”。如：Imports of books account for 50% of the total. 选项A符合文意，是正确答案。选项B. consists in意为“在于”。如：The beauty of the painting consists in its balance of colours. 选项C. makes up for意为“补偿”。如：I want to make up for the lost time. 选项D. works out意为“解答出；制定出”。如：work out the maths problem/a project。