2．will表示意愿，表示在说话的时刻立即做出决定将去做某事，事先并没有经过考虑，更没有为这一活动做出事先的准备。

请看例句比较：

23　Husband: There isn't any milk left in the fridge.

Wife: I'll buy some after work.

妙语点睛

用will，表明这是当机立断的决定，意指她丈夫先发现没有牛奶，告诉她之后，她才决定去买牛奶。如图所示：



精品译文

丈夫：冰箱里没有牛奶了。

妻子：我下班后去买。

24　Husband: There isn't any milk left in the fridge.

Wife: I'm going to buy some after work.

妙语点睛

用am going to，表明这是预先计划好的决定。意指她先发现没有牛奶，并已经决定去买牛奶，然后她丈夫才发现。如图所示：



预先计划好的决定，在说话前已经做出

精品译文

丈夫：冰箱里没有牛奶了。

妻子：我打算下班后去买。

下面的每一句话都含有“预先准备”的明显证据，故都不能用will代替be going to：

25　I have bought a computer and I'm going to learn the computer science.

我买了一台电脑，并准备学习计算机科学。

26　My wife has bought some wool and she is going to knit a sweater for me.

我妻子买了一些毛线，准备给我织一件羊毛衫。

27　A: Why are you taking the camera?

B: I'm going to take some pictures.

精品译文

A：你为什么带着照相机？

B：我要拍几张照片。

下面每一句中的B都表示事先不知道，而是在说话的时刻做出的决定，故都不能用be going to代替will：

28　A: Someone is knocking at the door.

B: I'll go and open it.

精品译文

A：有人敲门。

B：我去开门。

29　A: The box is too heavy.

B: I'll help you to carry it.

精品译文

A：这箱子太重了。

B：我来帮你搬。

30　A: I've left my watch upstairs.

B: I'll get it for you.

精品译文

A：我把手表落在楼上了。

B：我去帮你拿来。

31　A: I am thirsty.

B: I will make you a hot cup of tea.

精品译文

A：我渴了。

B：我给你泡杯茶。

思维总结

当机立断的决定，我们只能用will来表达。这一般是表示说话人事先并不知道，而是随着谈话的进展，在得知了新的信息之后才做出的某个决定。这不是在“预测”，也不是在“预先计划”。

到这里，我们讨论完了will和be going to的意义和用法。现比较总结如下：



不论是will还是be going to，在表示“预测”时，都是说话人做出的预测（the speaker's prediction），而不是句子的主语做出的预测，因而对句子的主语没有特殊的要求，句子的主语可以是人称或非人称。而be going to的“计划打算”和will的“意愿”的用法则都是句子的主语做出的，又因为只有人才会“计划打算”以及表达“意愿”，所以，此时句子的主语必须是人称。

思维训练

Exercise 7.5.4 (Keys: 此处)

1．用will或be going to的适当形式完成下列对话。

1．A: Have you made any vacation plans?

B: Well, I've decided on one thing—I______go camping.

A: That's great! For how long?

B: I______be away for a week. I only have five days of vacation.

A: So, when are you leaving?

B: I'm not sure. I______probably leave around the end of May.

A: And where______you______go?

B: I haven't thought about that yet. I guess I______go to one of the national parks.

A: That sounds like fun.

B: Yeah. Maybe I______go hiking and do some fishing.

A:______you______rent a camper?

B: I'm not sure. Actually, I probably______rent a camper—it's too expensive.

A:______you______go with anyone?

B: No. I need some time alone. I______travel by myself.

2．比较下列对话中B的不同回答方式的含义区别。

2．A: The seller hasn't received the documents.

B: I'll send them.

B: I'm sending them next week.

B: I'm going to send them next week.

7.5.5　现在进行时表示将来

现在进行时可以表示对最近的将来做出计划或安排（definite future plans）。下面的例句都是表示将来确定的安排，所以都要用现在进行时为妥：

1　A: The summer holidays are coming soon, Jack. What are your plans?

B: Well, Mike, I am taking my girlfriend to Qingdao. She is a beach person, you know.

精品译文

A：暑假很快就要到了，杰克。你有什么计划吗？

B：嗯，麦克，我要带我的女朋友去青岛。你知道，她喜欢海滩。

2　I am flying to Beijing next Monday. （表示机票已买好）我下周一要飞往北京。

3　I am taking a makeup test tomorrow. （表示学校已安排好明天的补考）我明天要参加一次补考。

4　We are meeting the supplier on Tuesday. 我们周二要见那个供货商。

请读者再看下面笑话中的进行时态，都是表示将来的动作：

5　A: We're sending our son to a holiday camp next week.

B: Oh! Does he need a holiday?

A: No, but we do!

精品译文

A：我们下周要把儿子送到夏令营去。

B：哦！他需要休假吗？

A：不，是我们需要！

6　A: I hear you're moving to London next week.

B: Yes, I have to because of my job.

A: Are you working for the same people?

B: Yes—my wife and our six kids!

精品译文

A：我听说你下周要搬到伦敦去了。

B：是的，是工作需要。

A：你还是要为同样的人工作吗？

B：是的——为我的妻子和我们的六个孩子！

7　A: What are you giving your baby brother for Christmas this year?

B: I don't know.

A: What did you give him last year?

B: Measles, I think.

精品译文

A：今年圣诞节你要送给你哥哥什么礼物？

B：不知道。

A：去年圣诞节你送他什么了？

B：麻疹，我想。

8　A: We're advertising for a new cashier in next week's Morning Post.

B: But you hired a new cashier last week!

A: I know, but he isn't honest.

B: But you can't judge people by their appearance.

A: I'm not. I'm judging him by his disappearance!

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A：我们将在下周的《早报》上登广告，招聘一名新的出纳员。

B：可你上周才刚刚聘用了一个出纳员啊！

A：我知道，但是他不诚实。

B：你不能以一个人的外貌来判断他。

A：我没有，我只是根据他的外逃判断他的人品而已！

用现在进行时表示将来的动作要注意以下几点：

一、必须带有表示将来的时间状语

用现在进行时表示将来的动作，动作发生的时间必须指出或在前文中已经指出，否则就可能会造成现在进行动作与一般将来动作相混淆。

9　A: What are you doing next Sunday?

B: I'm not going out. I'm staying at home.

妙语点睛

B的回答中虽然没有出现具体的将来时间，但因为将来时间next Sunday在上文中已给出，所以B中的现在进行时态是表示将来。

精品译文

A：下周日你打算干什么？

B：我不准备出门，准备就待在家里。

二、必须是人称主语

现在进行时表将来的这种用法，通常是表示说话人已计划安排好的活动，如果不是，则不能这样用。例如不能说：

10　It's raining tomorrow.*

因为像rain，snow或storm等这样的活动是人们无法事先计划好的。

三、与一般现在时表示将来的区别

1．一般现在时要比现在进行时听起来更正式，个人主观色彩要淡些。请比较：

11　1) I am leaving tonight.

2) I leave tonight.

妙语点睛

在例句1）中，进行时态表达的个人主观色彩要浓些，一般含有“我自己决定今晚走”的意味。在例句2）中，一般时态更加客观，比如可能是“公司安排了我出差，给我安排的是今晚动身”。

精品译文

1）我想好了今晚走。

2）我今晚需要动身走。

所以说Our shop opens next week. 比Our shop is opening next week. 要好，显得更正式。

2．如果是一系列预定的将来的安排，比如旅游行程安排，用进行时态显得较累赘，而用一般时态则较简洁。比如：

12　We leave Beijing at 9:00 tomorrow morning, arrive in Kunming around 12:00 and then we tour the World Horti-Expo Garden. 我们明天上午9点离开北京，大约12点左右抵达昆明，然后就参观世博园。

四、用be going to表示计划与进行时态表示的计划区别

总的来说，be doing表达的将来计划要比be going to的计划更确定（more definite）。请比较下面的例句：

13　1) I'm taking my holiday in April.

2) I'm going to take my holiday in April.

妙语点睛

在这个场景中，am taking表示比am going to take更确定的将来计划，可以这样来解释：在例句1）中，说话人已经得到公司批准的假期了（Approval has already been given.）或已经和旅行社订好了行程。所以，我们可以把它译成比较确定的汉语，比如“我四月份要休假了”。在例句2）中，说话人只是表达自己的一个打算或想法意图（intention），但目前并没有得到公司的准假，更没有和旅行社订好行程。这句话相当于汉语说“我打算四月份休假”，这就没有“我四月份要休假了”听起来确定。

精品译文

1）我四月份要休假了。

2）我打算四月份休假。

我们可以想象这样的一个场景：你在和公司老板商量你的年假安排，这时，你应该是以商量的口吻和老板说I'm going to take my holiday in April. 而不应该是很明确地、自作主张地告诉老板你已做出的决定I'm taking my holiday in April. 然而，你可以和你家人或朋友说I'm taking my holiday in April.

我们还可以为上面这两个句子提供一个更大的语境。比如：

14　I'm going to take my holiday in April, although I have not yet had my boss's approval.

我打算在四月份休假，尽管我现在还没有得到老板的批准。

上面这句话就要比这么说：

I'm taking my holiday in April, although I have not had my boss's approval.

精品译文

我四月份就要休假了，尽管老板还没有批准。

听起来更为自然。后者有你非要和老板对着干的意思。

再比较下列例句：

15　1) I'm flying to Shanghai next Monday.

2) I'm going to fly to Shanghai next Monday.

妙语点睛

同样，例句1）听起来比例句2）的计划更确定。比如在例句1）中，表示“我现已买好机票”，“周一飞往上海”将是确定无疑的。而例句2）只是表明你将来的一个选择打算，比如你在和航空公司订机票时，对方问你要什么时候的机票，你告诉对方说I'm going to fly to Shanghai next Monday. （我打算下周一飞往上海。）

精品译文

1）我下周一要飞往上海。

2）我打算下周一飞往上海。

两种将来的表达之所以有上述确定程度（degree of certainty）方面的差别，原因可能还在于这两个时态本身。进行时态be doing给人的感觉是事情马上就要发生了，因而应该是确定无疑的；而be going to因为有表示“将来预测”的意味，这就给它带来了不确定性。

所以，我们看到，be doing往往表示将来的活动是确定好的计划，是你工作安排的一部分，已做出决定，并已写入你的时间安排表中了（You use this tense if the action is part of a schedule or it's a definite plan. Use it when you have already made a decision, and have "put it in your diary".）相比较而言，be going to do更多的是表达一种不确定的未来计划，或者说是一种个人的意图或打算，不过这听起来要比hope to do和would like to do要更为确定些（When we talk about things in the future that are not definite, we use "am going to＋verb". This is more certain than expressions like "hope to...", "might..." or "would like to...".）。综合上述，用be doing谈将来的计划往往比be going to do更确定。

另外，相关内容读者可以参见8.2.5小节。

7.5.6　一般现在时表示将来

详见7.3.5小节，在此不再赘述。仅举下面几个例子。请看下面三个笑话：

1　A boy was up an apple tree stealing apples. A policeman came along and caught him. He looked up at the boy in the tree and said, "When are you coming down, young man?"

"When you go away!" replied the boy.

妙语点睛

这里when are you coming down中的现在进行时态是表示将来的动作。第二个句子when you go away中的一般现在时态是表示将来的动作，即前面讲过的，在when引导的时间状语从句中，要用一般现在时代替将来时。

精品译文

一个男孩爬到一棵苹果树上偷苹果。一个警察过来看到了他。警察抬头看着树上的男孩，说道：

“年轻人，你什么时候下来？”

“等你走了以后！”男孩回答。

2　A: I begin to work at the Swan Laundry on Monday.

B: That's wonderful! But tell me, how do you wash a swan?

妙语点睛

这里的一般现在时begin表示将来的动作，句中的on Monday是表示将来的时间。

精品译文

A：我下周就要开始在天鹅洗衣店工作了。

B：太棒了！不过请告诉我，你如何洗天鹅？

3　A: My daughter gets married at three o'clock in St. Mary's Church on Saturday.

B: How do you feel about it?

A: Well, I'm losing a daughter but I am gaining a telephone!

妙语点睛

这里的一般现在时态gets married是表示将来的动作，表示时间表上的安排，所以下文给出了确切的时间at three o'clock...on Saturday。另外，进行时态I'm losing...am gaining...是表示将来的动作。

精品译文

A：我女儿周六下午三点将在圣玛丽教堂结婚。

B：你感觉如何？

A：嗯，我失去了一个女儿，但是得到了一部电话！

7.5.7　其他表示将来的句型结构

一、be to do

1．表示已安排好要在将来发生的事，是比较正式的用法

请看例句：

1　They are to go on a strike on July 8th. 他们定于7月8日举行罢工。

2　She is to be married next month. 她预定在下个月结婚。

3　The Premier is to visit Australia next month. 总理将在下个月对澳大利亚进行访问。

2．表示强烈的命令，相当于must，should，如：父母对孩子、上级对下级或法律条文中的规定等

请看例句：

4　You are to finish your homework before you go to play. 出去玩之前一定要把作业完成了。

5　The form is to be filled out in ink and returned this week. 该表格须用钢笔填写，并于本周交回。

6　These tablets are not to be taken orally. 该药禁止口服。

7　The parties involved are to sign the agreement. 有关当事人一定得签署协议。

8　If it doesn't rain within the next few weeks, the crops will have to be watered if they are to survive.

以后的几个星期如果还不下雨，则需对庄稼进行灌溉，以便庄稼能够存活。

9　If he's to succeed in his new profession, he must try harder. 他如果想获得新事业上的成功，就必须更加努力。

二、be about to do

这一结构用来表示即将发生的动作（比如通常在5分钟之内就会发生），意思是“正要，马上就要”。请看例句：

10　The train is about to leave. 火车马上就要开了。

11　Jack is holding a fly swatter and staring at a fly on the kitchen table. He is about to swat the fly.

杰克手里正拿着苍蝇拍，眼睛盯着厨房桌上的一只苍蝇。他正要拍这只苍蝇。

12　Sally has her hand on the doorknob. She is about to open the door. 萨莉握住门把手，正要开门。

三、be on the point/verge/brink/eve of doing

这一结构与be about to do的意思差不多，但其动作发生的时间比be about to do还要快一些。请看例句：

13　He was on the point of killing himself when she stepped into his room. 她走进房间时，看见他正要自杀。

14　The child was on the verge of laughing, but he held back. 这孩子差一点笑出声来，但还是忍住了。

思维训练

Exercise 7.5 (Keys: 此处)

1．判断下列各句黑体部分的谓语时态的含义。

1．I'll do whatever I can to help.

2．I'll give you a lift if you like.

3．The agreement will expire in 8 months' time.

4．Commodity market analysts think that the price of rubber will keep on rising.

5．She says she's going to apply for the new job.

6．I'm having lunch with Janice tomorrow.

7．We're going to become the world's leading forwarding company.

8．The train leaves at 6 pm.

9．A: What are you going to do during the summer break?

B: I'm not sure what I'll do. I hope to watch TV and enjoy myself. That's what I want to do, but I think my parents will make me study. What do you intend to do?

A: I'm going to visit my grandparents in Beijing. I'm going to stay with them for about 4 weeks.

B: I love the summer break, but I think it's too short!

10．A: Today is the sports meet. I'll be in a relay. I'm so nervous!

B: Why are you nervous?

A: I don't want to do badly and let my teammates down.

B: Oh, I think you'll do a great job. Don't worry. You've practiced hard for the race, and I think you can win. I'll be there to cheer you on.

11．A: I hear Mary isn't getting much support in her running against Steve in the election.

B: It is not over yet. I think she will make a come back.

12．A: Look at the time. I'm going to miss my bus.

B: Don't worry. I'll drive you to the stop. And if the bus has already left, I can get you to your apartment.

2．阅读下面幽默对话，并判断其中黑体部分的谓语时态的含义。

13．A: Darling, I want to see the world!

B: I'll give you an atlas for your next birthday, then.

14．A: I am going to buy one of those small Japanese radios.

B: But how will you understand what they are saying?

15．A: Waiter, there's only one piece of meat on my plate.

B: Just wait a minute, sir, and I'll cut it in two.

16．A motorist ran over an old lady's cat and killed it.

"I'm very sorry," said the motorist. "I'll replace your cat, of course."

"Very well, but I hope you're good at catching mice."

17．A: What are you doing with that gun?

B: I am going to shoot you.

A: Why?

B: Because you look like me.

A: I look like you?

B: Yes.

A: Then shoot me!

18．A: How old are you now, Billy?

B: Seven.

A: And what are you going to do when you are big like your mother?

B: Stop eating chocolate!

19．"Mummy, mummy! Where are you?" cried a little boy at the beach.

"You poor boy," said an old woman. "Come with me and I'll get you an ice cream and then we'll go and look for your mummy."

"I know where your mother is," said a small girl. "She's sitting..."

"Be quiet," said the boy. "I know as well, but this way I get a free ice cream!"

20．A: I have some good news for you and some bad news.

B: Tell me the bad news first, doctor.

A: I am going to amputate your legs.

B: And what is the good news?