One afternoon she ________ (walk) from her house to the store when she ________ (see) a small boy running along the street towards her. He ________ (go) very fast. When he ________ (come) near her, she was surprised to see it was Jim.

"Hi, Jim," Nora shouted to him "Why______you______(run) like that?"

Jim didn't stop, but he waved to his sister and shouted, "I______(try) to stop two boys from fighting."

Nora was surprised again. She laughed and said, "That's an important job for a little boy, isn't it? You ________ (not, do) things like that very often. Who are the two boys?"

"They're Tom and me," answered Jim as he continued running down the street very quickly.





附录　答案解析


绪　论

Exercise 0.1-0.2 (此处)

The American flag：限定词＋形容词＋名词

13 horizontal stripes：限定词＋形容词＋名词

seven red ones：限定词＋形容词＋代词

six white ones：限定词＋形容词＋代词

50　stars arranged in nine rows：限定词＋名词＋分词短语

the American flag：限定词＋形容词＋名词

13 stars arranged in a circle：限定词＋名词＋分词短语

the unity and equality of the 13 colonies：限定词＋名词＋介词短语

the American national flag：限定词＋形容词＋名词





第一章　名词

Exercise 1.2 (此处)

1．A

2．B

3．A

4．B

5．B

6．A

7．B

8．B

9．A

10．B

11．B

12．A

13．B

14．A

15．A

16．B

17．A

18．A

19．B

20．B

21．A

22．B

23．B

Exercise 1.3 (此处)

1．stars　magazines　sheep　children　deer

2．classes　boxes　matches　stomachs

3．countries　families　babies　plays　boys　monkeys　keys

4．tomatoes　radios　heroes　pianos　photos　studios　potatoes　bamboos

5．halves　chiefs　leaves　lives　thieves　wives　beliefs　knives　roofs

6．men　teachers　men　servants　women　pilots　passers-by　lookers-on　mothers-in　law

7．The trade pact would reduce average Chinese tariffs, abolish Chinese import quotas and licenses and allow foreign businesses to invest in Chinese banking, telecommunications and other companies.

8．Whether they get a Golden Palm or not, Asian directors are the clear winners of this year's Cannes Film Festival, serving up a feast of films that combine originality and a particular brand of sensitivity that is all their own.

9．The organization is like a tree full of monkeys, all on different limbs at different levels, some climbing up. The monkeys on top look down and see a tree full of smiling faces. The monkeys on the bottom look up and see nothing but assholes.

Exercise 1.4 (此处)

1．One student asked me a question after class. I answered the student's question.

2．Many students asked me questions after class. I answered the students' questions.

3．Is this John's dictionary?

4．My brother's paintings are interesting.

5．John's job was more difficult than Dick's.

6．John and Mike's school is the same as Tom's.

7．My best friend's father's job is very interesting.

8．My brother-in-law's sister's house is near mine.

9．Are you going to Dave's party?

10．We thought all of the teacher's/teachers' speeches were brilliant.

11．The Browns' house is bigger than the Greens'.

12．The thief stole both John's mother-in-law's and his sister-in-law's handbags.

13．They were all tired after five hours' walk in the woods.

14．She told me of her father's illness the other day.

15．He is very tired. He needs a night's rest.

16．The earth's surface is about seventy per cent water.

17．The whale（鲸）is the world's largest mammal（哺乳动物）.

18．my sister's

19．her husband's

20．Mary's

21．Thackeray's

22．the cyclist's

23．his uncle's

24．my brother's

25．children's stories

26．this afternoon's concert

27．President George W Bush's arriving at the Tsinghua University in Beijing on February 22, 2002 was reported in yesterday's newspaper.

Exercise 1.5 (此处)

1．动宾关系，相当于说Someone imprisoned the murderer.

精品译文：

关押凶手

2．动宾关系

精品译文：

利用太阳能

3．动宾关系

精品译文：

他要求取消禁令。

4．动宾关系

精品译文：

在公共场所控制犬类的指导。

5．同位关系

精品译文：

节俭的美德

6．同位关系

精品译文：

以书为友

7．三个of都表示动宾关系。

精品译文：

如果可以呼吸到她飘散在空气中的发香、轻吻她双唇、抚摸她双手，我宁愿放弃永生。

8．三个of都表示动宾关系。

精品译文：

赌博毁掉了许多名门豪庭，使许多人名誉扫地，自杀身亡。

9．两个of都表示同位关系，补充说明chance。

精品译文：

她感到妇女没有机会工作，也没有机会施展自己的才华。

10．该句of表示动宾关系。

精品译文：

知识使用的双重性，就是说，知识可以用来为人们造福，或者为害。

11．



精品译文：

要促进变革，首先要有变革的动力，其次要有如何变革的理念，再则要有实施这一变革的手段和方案。

12．



精品译文：

如果我们否认这些基本原理，把个人置于宇宙的中心，其结果是大家就会变得自私自利，这使一切都处于瘫痪。这方面的迹象已经十分明显，达到了可怕的地步。

综合练习（此处）

1．A

2．B

3．A

4．B

5．B

6．B

7．A

8．B

9．B

10．A

11．B

12．B

13．B

14．A

15．A

16．B

17．B

18．B

19．A

20．A

21．B

22．A

23．A

24．B

25．A

26．B

27．B

28．A

29．B

30．A

31．B

32．B

33．A

34．A

35．B

36．B

37．A

38．D

39．D

40．A

41．B

42．A

43．B

44．B

45．D

46．B

47．A

48．C

49．C

50．B

51．C

52．C

53．B

54．D

55．A

56．B

57．C

58．D

59．D

60．B

61．C

62．B

63．B

64．B

65．B

66．A

67．B

68．C

69．A

70．D

71．A

72．B

73．A

74．A

75．B

76．A

77．C

78．A，改为legs

79．A，改为Many

80．A，改为comets

81．B，改为means

82．D，改为a prizefighter

83．C，改为areas

84．D，改为neighborhoods

85．D，改为cities

86．D，改为books

87．B，改为buildings

88．A，改为waters

89．B，an去掉

90．B，改为authorities

91．A，改为authority

92．D，改为equipment

93．D，改为communications

94．C，改为monarchs

95．B，改为are

96．A，改为As much as

97．B，改为nurses

98．D，改为years

99．B，改为an area

100．D，改为densities

101．A，改为poetry

102．B，改为as an art

103．B，改为skills

104．B，改为expeditions

105．A，改为bison

106．D，改为operators

107．B，改为spacecraft

108．D，改为Dick's

109．A，改为Man

110．B，改为breathe

111．B，改为many

112．D，改为loss

113．D，改为newspapers

114．B，改为teeth

115．D，改为scenery

116．B，改为collections





第二章　限定词（一）：冠词

Exercise 2.2 (此处)

1．Telling lies is a fault in a boy, an art in a lover, an accomplishment in a bachelor, and second-nature in a married man.

精品译文：

说谎，是男孩的错误，情人的艺术，单身男人的技能，已婚男人的第二天性。

Exercise 2.4 (此处)

1．The

2．×

3．×

4．the

5．×

6．the

7．×

8．The

9．×

10．The

Exercise 2.5 (此处)

1．the, a

2．the, a

3．the

4．the，不填冠词，the，不填冠词

5．Yesterday I saw a dog and a cat. The dog was chasing the cat. The cat was chasing a mouse. The mouse ran into a hole, but the hole was very small. The cat couldn't get into the hole, so it ran up a tree. The dog tried to climb the tree too, but it couldn't.

6．Yesterday I saw a man and a woman. They were having an argument. The man was yelling at the woman, and the woman was shouting at the man. I don't know what the argument was about.

7．He owned a huge estate. The land and the building were worth millions.

8．What did you think of that restaurant? I thought the atmosphere was good, but the service was slow.

9．I think for me, when it comes to choosing a job, the conditions and the prospects are more important than the salary.

10．I don't think I'll ever use that recipe; the ingredients are impossible to get hold of and the instructions are too complicated anyway.

11．What did you think of his latest novel? I thought the plot was tedious and the characters were unrealistic.

12．It was a most dreadful accident; the survivors had to spend the night on a cold mountainside.

13．I think ordinary people in Vietnam must have suffered terribly during the years of their war with America.

14．I feel very sorry for ________ people who have to live in ________ cities which they absolutely hate because they have no choice.

15．The role of ________ computers in ________ society will only be truly understood when ________ historians look back on the end of the twentieth century.

16． ________ humans can never really understand what ________ ＿animals think and feel, or whether they experience ________ pain and ________ ＿suffering in the same way that ________ people do.

17．Children of ________ single-parent families often suffer ________ discrimination in ________ countries where marriage is still considered essential.

18．不填冠词

"All ________ good books are alike in that they are truer than if they had really happened."

19．"A worker is the slave of the capitalist society; a female worker is the slave of a slave."

20．"The happiest women, like the happiest nations, have no history."

21．" ________ non-violence is the first article of my faith."

22．不填冠词

" ________ success is counted sweetest by those who never succeed."

Exercise 2.6.1 (此处)

1．可以表示不定指，说话者意指任何邮票都可以。此时，要用one指代stamp，比如接下来说So I took one。也可以表示对说话者来说是定指的，即说话者心理知道自己想要的哪张邮票，这对听话者来说是不定指。此时，要用it来指代stamp，比如接下来说So I took it。

2．比如说话者在找自己家里的宠物狗，所以这里的a dog对于说话者来说是定指，但对于听话者来说是不定指（speaker specific, listener nonspecific）。如果对于说话者与听话者双方来说都是定指，则必须用the来特指了。比如：Did you see the dog in the garden?

3．对说话者与听话者都是定指（listener and speaker specific）。

4．对说话者与听话者都是定指（listener and speaker specific）。

5．说话者定指；听话者不定指（speaker specific, listener nonspecific）。

6．对说话者与听话者都是不定指（listener and speaker nonspecific）。

7．这里a pen对于说话者来说，是定指，但对于听话者来说则是不定指（speaker specific, listener nonspecific）。这里a new pen对于说话者和听话者来说，都是不定指。

8．说话者定指；听话者不定指（speaker specific, listener nonspecific）。

9．对说话者与听话者都是不定指（listener and speaker nonspecific），即泛指概念。

10．说话者定指；听话者不定指（speaker specific, listener nonspecific）。

11．对说话者与听话者都是不定指（listener and speaker nonspecific），即泛指概念。任何一个香蕉any banana，all bananas，bananas in general。

Exercise 2.6.2 (此处)

1．这里paper表示“纸”，泛指，不需要冠词。

精品译文：

你去城里的时候，能给我捎些纸吗？打印机的纸用完了。

2．这里paper表示“报纸”，需要填入a: When you're in town, can you get a paper?

精品译文：

你去城里的时候，能给我捎一份报纸吗？我想知道足球赛的结果。

3．这里cloth表示“一块抹布”，作可数名词，需要填入a: I've spilt some wine; get a cloth.

精品译文：

我弄洒了一些酒，给我一块抹布。

4．这里cloth表示“布”，作不可数名词，不需要填冠词。

精品译文：

布匹一定要进口，所以衣服贵。

5．这里wood表示“一片树林”，作可数名词，需要填入a: After walking for about an hour we came to a wood.

精品译文：

走了将近一个小时后，我们来到了一片树林。

6．这里wood表示“木材”，作不可数名词，不需要填冠词。

精品译文：

如果你想要生火，你就需要木材。

7．这里chicken表示“鸡肉”，是不可数名词，不需要填冠词。

精品译文：

这个汉堡里有鸡肉吗？吃起来好像有。

8．这里chicken表示“活鸡”，是可数名词，需要填入a: I ran over a chicken near a farm today.

精品译文：

今天我在一农场附近压死了一只鸡，显然它是从农场逃出来的。

Exercise 2.7 (此处)

1．Every term parents are invited to the school to meet the teachers.

2．Why aren't your children at school today? Are they ill?

3．When he was younger, Ted hated school.

4．What time does school start in the mornings in your country?

5．How do your children get home from school? By bus? No, they walk. The school isn't very far.

6．What sort of job does Jenny want to do when she leaves school?

7．There were some people waiting outside the school to meet their children.

8．She works as a cleaner at the hospital.

9．When Ann was ill, we all went to the hospital to visit her.

10．My brother has always been very healthy. He's never been in hospital.

11．Peter was injured in an accident and was kept in hospital for a few days.

12．He was taken to hospital. He's still in hospital now.

13．She goes to church every Sunday.

14．John himself doesn't go to church.

15．John went to the church to take some photographs of the buildings.

16．The workmen went to the church to repair the roof.

17．In many places people are in prison because of their political opinions.

18．The other day the fire brigade were called to the prison to put out a fire.

19．The judge decided to fine the man $500 instead of sending him to prison.

20．Ken went to the prison to visit his brother because he was in prison for bribery.

21．You can see the sea.

22．We were at sea for four weeks.

23．I love swimming in the sea.

24．He spends most of his life at sea.

25．let's go for a walk by the sea.

Exercise 2.9 (此处)

见此处解释

综合练习（此处）

1．错误。应改为：Life is hard sometimes.

2．错误。应改为：I love music, poetry and art

3．错误。应改为：I don't like the film, but I like the music.

4．错误。应改为：Air is a colorless and tasteless gas.

5．错误。应改为：The air in this room is stuffy. Please open the windows.

6．错误。应改为：History may repeat itself.

7．错误。应改为：Pencils contain lead.

8．错误。应改为：Diamond is the hardest substance in nature.

9．错误。应改为：Man has just taken his first steps into space.

10．错误。应改为：A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life, as Marx put it.

11．这里的coffee是一个不可数名词，表示泛指概念，说明的是“咖啡”这种物质。

12．这里的coffee作为可数名词，表示“一杯咖啡”这种饮品，而不是其他的饮品（drinks）。

13．这里用the表示特指，强调的是某一个特定地方的“咖啡”，以与其他地方的“咖啡”作对比。

14．这里强调“咖啡的不同种类（different types of coffee）”。

我们就不能说：

She has a coffee on her dress.*

因为在这个句子所表达的语境中，我们能体会到，这里是表示她的衣服有咖啡污渍，所以这里的coffee应该是用作一个物质名词（mass noun），此时不可数，所以不能加a。这个句子若有冠词a则理解成“她的衣服上挂着一杯咖啡”，这在现实中不太可能。

15．I have an idea. Let's go on a picnic Saturday.

16．Did you have fun at the picnic yesterday?

17．It's in the washing machine. You'll have to wear a different shirt.

18．I hope I have a washing machine.

19．Everyone has problems in life.

20．My grandfather had a long life.

21．That book is about the life of Helen Keller.

22．I'll meet you at the university at three o'clock, outside room 26.

23．The dog needs to go to the vet. Can you take him?

24．When I got up, I noticed the car windscreen was covered in ice.