D．more jobs of delight should be created for people


Passage 2
Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Bible is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.” That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offense against society. To make repayment for this offense, society must get equally balanced, which can be done only by imposing an equal injury upon him. This conception of deserved-punishment justice is reflected in many parts of the legal codes and procedures of modern times, which is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel, who believed that society owed it to the criminal to put into operation a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will eliminate this dental and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his life will pay his debt. The demand for the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him what he deserves．
Modern jurists have tried to replace deserved-punishment justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. Therefore, his conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part．
31．According to the Bible, the concept of equality in justice means______．
A．a criminal must be severely punished
B．a criminal must be given a punishment that is exactly the same as the crime he has done
C．a criminal must be given a punishment that he deserves

D．a criminal must pay for his crime with his eyes and teeth


32．The result of deserved-punishment justice is______．
A．the criminal's winning of a true life

B．the criminal's taking death penalty for the crime committed by him

C．the criminal's denial of his true self

D．the restoration of the criminal's guilty self to the self before the crime


33．In the sentence:“society owed it to the criminal to put into operation a punishment equal to the crime he had committed” the underlined part can be interpreted as: society______．
A．was in debt to the criminal and must put him into operation as a punishment
B．should consider punishment as something it must do so that the criminal can get paid back for his crime

C．owed the criminal equality and must first show it in action

D．owed an operation of equal crime to the criminal


34．The main difference between deserved-punishment and corrective justice is______．
A．the latter is for non-punishment equality

B．the latter hates “an eye for an eye” equality of punishment

C．the latter places the criminal's equal rights in life above everything else



D．the latter focuses on both reforming the criminal and giving him new opportunities in society


35．Compared with the old justice concept, modern law as shown in this passage is______．
A．less vengeful  B．less effective 
C．less just  D．less reasonable 
Passage 3 

A new biotechnology procedure that could become commercially avail able in as little as two to four years is “transgenesis”, which permits scientists to create an animal with specific traits by adding, removing, inactivating, or repairing genes in an embryo. The additional genes can come from any source. For example, if a gene of interest occurs in mosquitoes-say, one that codes for resistance to a certain disease-it can be removed and places in the embryo of a farm animal. The several strains of commercially useful transgenic farm animals that will probably emerge in the next few years could include leaner pigs, poultry resisting to influenza or other deadly diseases, sheep with wool that is easier to wash, and goats that produce valuable pharmaceuticals in their milk．
The simplest way to make transgenic animals is to inject a gene into a one-cell embryo and then implant the embryo in another animal. Under the right conditions, the new gene joins one of the embryo's strands of genes. Each cell created as the embryo divides gets a copy of the new gene. An alternative technique is to incorporate the gene into a type of virus known as a retrovirus that has been modified so it cannot reproduce itself after entering a cell. The virus, which cannot cause disease, delivers the gene to the cell's nucleus. Often this method is better than gene injection because a retrovirus always delivers just one gene, and the gene is always undamaged and complete．
36．The new biotechnology procedure discussed in this passage mainly concerns______．
A．embryos B．pigs, sheep and goats

C．commercial science D．improvement of animal strains


37．In the first sentence,“to become commercially available” means______．
A．this procedure is available only on the market

B．this procedure can be used in producing better farm animals

C．This procedure can be used to promote business

D．People such as farmers can use this procedure in their production


38．The transgenic farm animals mentioned in this passage are______．
A．pigs, cows and mosquitoes that have gone through the transgenic procedure

B．pigs, cows, sheep and chickens that have accepted additional genes

C．leaner pigs, poultry that produce pharmaceuticals and healthier sheep


D．leaner pigs, chickens resisting diseases and goats that produce milk with medicine in it

39．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．After injection, the embryo gets a copy of the new gene as it divides．

B．The injection method is less good because the new gene sometimes fails to join the embryo's genes．

C．The retrovirus multiplies after it enters the cell．

D．The incorporating method is less simple but better．


40．The tone of this passage is______．
A．critical B．factual C．humorous D．romantic

Ⅱ. Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then paraphrase the numbered and underlined parts.(“Paraphrase” means “to explain the meaning in your own English”. ) (15%)Genius


The greatest results in life are usually attained by simple means, and the exercise of ordinary qualities. The common life of every day, with its cares, necessities, and duties, affords ample opportunity for acquiring experience of the best kind; and (41) its most beaten paths provide the true worker with abundant scope for effort and room for self-improvement.(42) The road of human welfare lies along the old highway of steadfast welldoing; and they who are the most persistent, and work in the truest spirit, will usually be the most successful．
Fortune has often been blamed for her blindness; but fortune is not so blind as men are.
(43) Those who look into practical life will find that fortune is usually on the side of the industrious, as the winds and waves are on the side of the best navigators. In the pursuit of even the highest branches of human inquiry, the commoner qualities are found the most useful-such as common sense, attention, application, and perseverance．
Genius may not be necessary, though even genius of the highest sort does not disdain the use of these ordinary qualities.(44) The very greatest men have been among the least believers in the vower of genius, and as worldly wise and persevering as successful men of the commoner sort.(45) Some have even defined genius to be only common sense intensifies. A distinguished teacher and president of a college spoke of it as the power of making efforts. John Foster held it to be the power of lighting one's own fire. Buffon said of genius “it is patience”．
Part Ⅳ Cloze Test Directions: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the meaning. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET.(10%)
The influence of the moral standards of the home is evident. If there is no recognition of the difference 46 right and wrong. It is hard for the child to acquire the qualities which are necessary 47 good citizenship. Unwise discipline is, almost equally obvious, 48 factor often found in the background of the young offender．
But important 49 these two factors are, they do not cover the whole field. The experience of those who work with juvenile delinquents has shown us 50 greatly behavior is influenced by the emotional relationships within the family circle. The extent to which 51 is affection between the 52 and the child, and in the early stages especially between the mother and the child, is evidently of fundamental 53 to his development. Lack of love is more 54 to produce delinquency 55 bad material conditions．