B．having lords involved in the management gave the banks or companies a very good public image

C．lords worked for the banks and insurance companies to bring in more profits

D．it had become a fashion to have a lord on the managerial board of a bank or a company


42．The “astute marriages” in the passage refers to marriages between
A．British aristocracy and rich American entrepreneurs

B．old British aristocratic families and newly knighted aristocracy of wealth

C．aristocratic families and new business families of money and enterprises

D．big landlord families in the British countryside and rich American tycoons of industry


43．Judging from the content of the passage, Consuelo Vanderbilt was
A．male, and from a rich business family in the United Sates

B．female, and from a British wealthy family of Britain

C．male, and from a rich industrial family of Britain

D．female, and from a rich industrial family of Britain


44．Which of the following statements in TRUE?

A．The 19th-century British aristocrats were treated as decorations in public life and were used to make money by press．

B．The 19th-century British aristocrats were toys of the rich capitalists and were made to earn profits for them．

C．The 19th-century British aristocrats acted as playmates of people in pleasure-seeking such as hunting, fishing, and shooting．

D．The 19th-century British aristocrats were popular figures in advertisements because they lived a leisurely life．


Passage Two
How to Do Fewer, Better Animal Experiments

For a nation of pet lovers, Britain conducts a surprising number of experiments on animals some 3m a year. America appears to use fewer animals—just 1. lm a year, according to official statistics —but that is an illusion. Unlike Britain's government, America's does not think rats and mice worth counting. Japan and China have even less comprehensive data than America, and animals used in research in those two countries are not protected to the same extent that they are in the West. Even so, academic centers supporting alternatives to animal testing have emerged in both places in recent years. In July China issued its first set of guidelines governing the use of animals in research．
In an ideal world, there would be no animal testing. It is expensive and can be of dubious scientific value, since different species often react differently to the same procedure. That is why many researchers are working on ways of reducing the number of animal experiments needed and of making those that still happen more effective. However, the transition is proving easier for some types of experiment than for others, as a group of researchers in the field discussed at the sixth World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences, held last week in Tokyo．
The most important message from the congress was that things are going in the right direction. The number of animals used in experiments has fallen by half in the past 30 years, at least in those countries that record such things. There has also been a shift in the sort of animal used. Most of those employed today are rodents rather than dogs, cats, rabbits and monkeys.(That public opinion generally welcomes this is,. however, a good example of “cutist” prejudice for one species over another: there is not reason to believer that rodents suffer less than other mammals.) Also, of the experiments that are still conducted, the majority are now concerned with developing and testing medicine rather than, say, checking how toxic cosmetics are. Of the 11m animals involved each year in experiments that have to be reported to the European Commission, about 45％ are used for medical and veterinary purposes and another 35％ for basic biomedical research．
45．Which of the following is“an illusion”? ______
A．Britain protects animals used in research better than Japan and China．

B．China has issued guidelines governing the used of animals in research．

C．Japan has less comprehensive data on animal testing than America．

D．America conducts fewer experiments on animals than Britain．


46．Many researchers are currently trying to______．
A．use animals involved in research more effectively

B．slow down the transition for some experiments

C．challenge the scientific value of animal testing

D．raise the cost of using any animals in research


47．The “cutist” prejudice probably refers to the fact that______．
A．pet animals are thought to suffer more in experiments

B．rodents are believed to react in the same way with humans

C．testing medicine is supposed to do more harm than testing cosmetics

D．what sort of animals to use is reckoned more crucial than whether to use them


Passage Three
Thanks in no small part to A1 Gore and his film producers, the American public is waking up to the seriousness of global warming. What is not so widely appreciated is that unless the US government acts urgently and decisively, this problem could very quickly get very much worse．
For reasons both economic and political coal is poised to be the fuel of choice in the coming decades as the US weans itself off foreign oil. Coal combustion generates half the US's electricity and releases about 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year. If present trends continue, these figures will more than double by 2050, much to the detriment of the world's climate. Without an alternative fuel, the only solution is to capture and store carbon dioxide from burnig coal．
Overcoming the engineering obstacles in the way of large-scale sequestration of carbon dioxide will be hard enough, but the bigger challenge is one of political will. US companies as yet have no incentive to capture carbon emissions. While moves at state and congressional levels are pushing in the right direction, the ambiguity in the administration's policy is counterproductive.
It is time for the US government to put a price on carbon emissions so utilities that invest in technologies to reduce carbon emissions will see their oefforts rewarded: Such a move would not only reduce the risks associated with global warming, but also go a long way to restoring America's green credentials．
48．According to the author, what adds to the seriousness of global warming?
A．The American public was ignorant of the problem．

B．The American government is doing nothing to deal with the problem．

C．The US will choose coal as the major fuel which will have large carbn emissions．

D．There is no alternative fuel other than foreign oil which has large carbon emissions．


49．Which of the following is true about the obstacles for effectively capturing carbon emissions?
A．The existing technology is only able to deal with large-scale carbon emissions．

B．The companies are not highly motivated in adopting new technologies．

C．The government policy for using coal and oil is counterproductive．

D．The companies feel reluctant to be involved in political issues．


50．What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem?
A．The government should charge carbon emissions so as to encourage companies to adopt new technology．

B．The government should reward utilities that invest in technologies to reduce carbon emission．

C．The government should make long-time efforts to encourage people to plant more trees．

D．The government should pay for large-scale carbon emissions．




Ⅱ． Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own.English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts.Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).(15%)
Dealing with Depression
(51)Contrary to what many people think depression is not a normal part of growing older. Nor is it harder to treat in older peple. But it is often harder to recognize and harder to get patients to accept and continue with treatment．
“Most people think sadness is a hallmark of depression,” Bruce said.“But more often in older people it's anhedonia—they're not enjoying life. They're irritable and cranky.”
(52)She added,“Many older people despair over the quality of thief lives at the end of life. If they have a functional disability or serious medical illness, it may make it harder to notice depression in older people.”
Family members, friends and medical personnel must take it seriously when an older person says “Life is not worth living, ”“I don't see any point in living, ”“I'd be better off dead” or “My family would be better off if I died,”the experts emphasized．
“Listen carefully, empathize and help the person get evaluated for treatment or into treatment,”Brown urged.(53)He warned that “depressed older adults tend'to have fewer symptoms” than younger adults who are depressed．
The ideal approach, of course, is to prevent depression in the first place.(54) Brown recommended that older adults structure their days by maintaining a regular cycle and planning activities that “give them pleasure, purpose and a reason for living”．